lecture 1 Flashcards
3 uses of thermodynamics
- will the reaction take place
- at what ratio of pro to rea is the equilibrium
- how much useful energy is generated from the reaction
difference between kinetics and thermodynamics
thermo: concerned with the final state of a reaction when we know its intial state and conditions
kinetics: rate of reaction and its steps
first law of thermodynamics
energy annot be created or destroyed byt converted between forms
how is the 1st law useful in chemistry
- tells us if we need an energy input
- tells us if the reaction will output energy (can we use this energy for smt useful)
ways energy is transferred during a reaction
mass
heat
work
what is a system
the chemical reaction
what is the surroundings
everything but the chemical reaction
what can be transferred in an open system
energy
matter
what can be transferred in a closed system
energy
what can be transfered in an isolated system
nothing
heat (q) energy transfer
transfer of enrgy that causes disorderly molecular motion
aka thermal motion
heat FROM system TO surroundings causes random motion of molecules in surroundings
work (w) energy transfer
transfer of energy that cause s organised molecular motion.
work done BY the system ON the surroundings causes motion of molecules in the surroundings in the same direction.
first law equation
triangle U =
triangle q + triangle w
in a closed system: cha ge in internal energy is equal to the energy added as heat and the work done to the system
q + w = forms of exchange energy
triangle x meaning
larger change in x
sigma x meaning
small but measurable change in x
