Lecture 1 Flashcards
3 States of Matter and their properties
Solid - Rigid shape and a fixed volume that changes very little with temperature and pressure.
Liquid - Fixed volume but is fluid and takes the shape of its container and has no definite form of its own.
Gas - Also fluid but the volume of a gas is not fixed, rather it is determined by the size of the container. The volume of gas varies with temperature and pressure.
KMT
Kinetic Molecular Theory
Pure substance
A substance that is made up of only one type of atom or molecule and cannot be separated by any physical technique.
Molecule
A group of atoms bonded together.
Purity
The measure of whether a substance is pure.
Element
A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.
Chemical element
A pure chemical substance consisting of only one type of atom. Each distinguished by its atomic number.
Atom
The smallest part of an element that has the chemical properties of the element.
Compound
Two or more atoms combined together in fixed proportions.
Law of conservation of mass
Matter is neither created or destroyed in the course of a chemical reaction.
The octet rule
States that when bonding occurs, atoms tend to reach a full set of electrons in its outermost shell.
Isotope
An atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.
Ion
A charged atom.
Anion
A negatively charged ion.
Cation
A positively charged ion.
