Lecture 1

Question 1

What are the two basic concepts of philosophy?

Answer 1

1. Ontology:
2. Epistemology

Question 2

What is philosophy of (management) science?

Answer 2

Field of study that deals with what (management) science is, how it works and the logic through which it is build

Question 3

What is ontology?

Answer 3

Study of being or existence in basic categories and relationships. Determine what can be said to exist and how groups can be formed based on similarities and differences. What is difference with natural reality?

Question 4

What is epistemology?

Answer 4

Theory about knowledge. What is knowledge and how can it be obtained?

Methodology is a subdomain in epistemology

Question 5

What are the two systems of thinking?

Answer 5

1. Fast, intuitive, unreliable thinking. This system doesn’t take much effort
2. Slow, buit reliable thinking. This requires much more effort.

Question 6

What is determinism?

Answer 6

If we know rule of law, we can perfectly predict the outcome. (hard sciences like physics)

Question 7

What are the different types of explanations?

Answer 7

1. Causal
2. Functional
3. Intentional

Question 8

Does social reality exist?

Answer 8

Social reality only exists to the extent to which we accept something to exist. Our acceptance depends on our understanding of the social reality.
Social reality is created by us. Our understanding and reality itself are intertwined.

Question 9

What is a logical argument?

Answer 9

Series of statements meant to establish a claim

Question 10

Wat is a statement?

Answer 10

Unambiguous declarative sentence about a fact about the world. A statement always has a truth value.

Question 11

What is truth preservation?

Answer 11

True premises always lead to true conclusions if they are supported by logically valid arguments. In such an argument, truth preserves when all premises are true.

Question 11

What are the four different forms argument?

Answer 11

1. Affirming the antecedent
2. Denying the antecedent
3. Affirming the consequent
4. Denying the consequent

Question 12

Describe the form an argument affirming the antecedent

Answer 12

If A is B

And X is A

Than X is B

This is a good form of argument

Question 12

Describe an the form of an argument denying the consequent.

Answer 12

If A is B
X is not B
Thus X is not A

This is a good form or argument

Question 13

Describe the form an argument affirming the consequent

Answer 13

If A, then B
X is B

Thus X is A

Bad form of argument

Question 14

Describe the form of an argument denying the antecedent.

Answer 14

If A, then B

X is not A

thus X is not B

Bad form of argument