Lecture 1

Question 1

Botanical organisms

Answer 1

Algae, Bacteria, Fungi & Plants

Question 2

Plant - structure

Answer 2

• Multicellular
• Eukaryotic (have nucleus, membrane bound organells)
• Sexually and asexually reproducing
• Have cellulose rich cell walls
• Immobile
• Autorophes

Question 3

What is in Autotrophes? And what do they do?

Answer 3

Chlorophyll and are photosynthetic

(If not phostosynthetic then descended from photosynthetic organisms)

Question 4

Life on land advantages

Answer 4

• Light
• CO2
• Space (at first)
• No predators (at first)

Question 5

What do plant need to adapt?

Answer 5

• Develope roots
• Hard or flexible stems
• Leaves

Question 6

What adaption do plant do to protect and support themself?

Answer 6

Defence: Toxins
Support : Lignin
UV protection : Flavonoids

Question 7

Lignin - explain function

Answer 7

Useful feedstock for plastics, carbon fibers, fuels, chemicals mm

Most abundant aromatic biopolymer on earth

Question 8

Do lignin interagera with something?

Answer 8

Yes, interacts strongly with other cell Wall polymers

Question 9

How are plants organized

Answer 9

• Cells
• Tissues
• Organs
• Organisms
• Population
• Community
• Ecosystem

Question 10

How do plants take in energy?

Answer 10

Photosynthesis
Convert of radiant energy into chemical energy stored in sugar (glukose)

Sunlight + Carbon Dioxide + Water = Oxygen & Glucose

Question 11

Respiration process in plants

Answer 11

The realese of stored chemical energy for use in cell.

(Day & Night)

Question 12

What is tropism?

Answer 12

Plants respond to stimuli

Question 13

Phototropism

Answer 13

A plants respond to light

Question 14

Gravitropism

Answer 14

A plant respond to gravity

Question 15

Hydrotropism

Answer 15

A plants respond to water

Question 16

Chemotropism

Answer 16

Plants respond to chemicals

Question 17

Thigmotropism

Answer 17

A plant respond to tuch

Question 18

Difference between plants an animal excretion

Answer 18

Plant
Produce less waste products
No specialized excretory system

Animal
Produce more metabolic waste products
With special excretory organ or system

Question 19

Diffrences in plant and animal growth

Answer 19

Plant
Growth is INDEFINITELY, can grow thru the life. Occur at roots or shoots

Animal
Growth is DEFINITE, growth stops at maturity. Occurs thru the whole body

Question 20

Diffrences in plant an animal RESPIRATION

Answer 20

Plant
Respiration in the body is LOW

Animal
Respiration in the body is HIGH

Question 21

Different featurs in MOVEMENT in plants and animals

Answer 21

Plants
The whole body usually fixed to the ground, only parts of the body can move

Animals
Whole body can move, at different speed.

Question 22

Different in features in RESPONSE of plants and animals

Answer 22

Plants
No receptors and nervous system
Less sensitive and response slow

Animals
Have receptors and nervous system
Respond more quickly

Question 23

Common traits of animals and plants

Answer 23

Cell structure
Taking nutrients from enviroment
Grow and develop
Senaitivity
adaptions to the enviroment

Question 24

Nucleus - structure + function

Answer 24

Contains DNA and RNA and manufactures proteins

Question 25

Nucleolus - function + structure

Answer 25

Contains DNA of the cell, praticipate during synthesis of ribosomes

Question 26

Nuclear envelope - structure

Answer 26

Membrane of lipids and that surrounds nucleus

Question 27

Centrioles - function

Answer 27

Structure that appears during mitosis (cell division)

Question 28

Mitochondria - function

Answer 28

Energy producers of the cell

Question 29

Ribosome - function

Answer 29

Produce proteins

Question 30

Golgi Bodies - function

Answer 30

Package proteins

Question 31

Chloroplast - function

Answer 31

Involved in photosynthesis

Question 32

Vacuoles - function

Answer 32

Store waste, nutrients and water

Question 33

Lyosomes - what does it contain?

Answer 33

Digestive enzymes, mostly in animal cells

Question 34

ER - Smooth & Rough - function

Answer 34

Passage the way that transports proteins from the nucleus, coverd in ribosomes

Question 35

Cell membrane

Answer 35

Semi- permeable linning that surrounds the cell

Question 36

Cell wall

Answer 36

Is a stiff min-living wall that surrounds the membrane; made of CELLULOSE

Question 37

Cytoplasma

Answer 37

Jelly-like material surrounding the organells

Question 38

Animal and plant cells both contain…..

Answer 38

Nucleus Nuclear Envelope Chromosomes Cytoplasma Mithochondria Cell membrane

Question 39

Differences in animal and plant cells

Answer 39

Plant cell = REGULAR in shape Animal cell = IRREGULAR in shape Plant cell have (animal cell dont) Rigid cell walls (non living) Plastids (contain pigments) Large vacuole

Question 40

Chemical composition of plant cells

Answer 40

Constructional (proteins, fatt, chatbohydrates) Reserved nutients (fat drops, starch, proteins) Saccharides (glucose, fructose mm) Metabolic wastes (salt mm)

Question 41

Cellular substances of chemical nature

Answer 41

Organic compounds (protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins) Inorganic compounds (water, minerals, salt, acids)

Question 42

Cell Wall - function

Answer 42

Plant cell walls are made of cellulose (a polysaccharide) Function as the cells exoskeleton for support and protection

Question 43

What are fungi walls made of?

Answer 43

Chitin ( a polysaccharide)

Question 44

Middel lamella - what is it?

Answer 44

Thin layer rich in PECTIN found in between adjacent plant cells (Glues cells togheter)