lecture 1

Question 1

what happens every time you recall a memory?

Answer 1

certain details of that memory change with each recollection

Question 2

why is memory fallible?

Answer 2

memory is not perfect

Question 3

tell me everything about case HM

Answer 3

he had an epilepsy and had his bilateral temporal lobe removed. This resulted in anterograde amnesia. He could not form new and long term memories. Ability to learn new skills were retained.

Question 4

Things learned in HM’s case study?

Answer 4

there are many different types of memory

there is implicit vs explicit
different types of memories are supported by different areas of the brain

Question 5

what did Aristotle do?

Answer 5

compared the human mind to a blank slate.

compared memory to wax

“storehouse metaphor”

Question 6

what is Aristotles law of contiguity?

Answer 6

items/events that occur to each other in space or time tend to get linked together in the mind

Question 7

law of frequency?

Answer 7

the more often two items/ events are linked, the more powerful will be that association

Question 8

law of similarity?

Answer 8

if two things are similar, the thought of one will tend to trigger the thought of the other (when you think of a tiger, you will think of a lion but not the eiffel tower )

Question 9

law of contrast?

Answer 9

Seeing or recalling something may also trigger the recollection of something completely opposite (you think of the summer time and then you think of winter. Something that is completely different from each other)

Question 10

who are the roman philosophers?

Answer 10

cicero, quintillian

Question 11

what is the method of loci?

Answer 11

memory palace

Question 12

who is Ebbinghaus?

Answer 12

hes the first person to study memory using a scientific approach

Question 13

what did Ebbinghaus do?

Answer 13

he would create nonsense syllables.
For some words he would wait hours, days or even weeks and then recorded them based on his memory.

Because of this, he created the forgetting curve

Question 14

who tf is barlett (1932)?

Answer 14

he rejected the idea of studying memory using meaningless factors and uses complex materials like folk tales.

Remembering involves reconstructing information from the bits that are stored mixed with prior knowledge

Question 15

what does schema mean?

Answer 15

general world knowledge structures about commonly experienced / stereotype aspects of life

For example, if you go to a country that you have never been to before, and at a restaurant they serve a type of food that you have never seen before, you will remember what the food looks like, probably how it tastes and this will be your schema for that type of food, should you encounter it again in the future.

Question 16

what’s a memory test?

Answer 16

basic, pen and paper memory tests

Question 17

Animal models?

Answer 17

Researchers often turn to animals like rats and mice to uncover fundamental principles of memory.

mouse maze race

Question 18

Neuroscience approaches?

Answer 18

allow us to peer into the intricate workings of the human brain to uncover the secrets of memory.

MRI
EEG

Question 19

Modality?

Answer 19

the route in which information is conveyed (through sight sound and smell)

Question 20

what’s Short Term memory (STM) ?

Answer 20

this is automatic

you smell some food in the subway and even after you left the place, you can kinda smell it still
Relations of small amounts of material over periods of a few seconds

An example can be you getting a code from your phone to log into your account and then you forget it afterwards

Question 21

Working memory (WM)?

Answer 21

When youre doing a math question and you remembered the formula, or when you talk to someone and briefly remember that they went to france so you can continue with the convo

Question 22

what’s Explicit memory?

Answer 22

also known as declarative memory

memory that is open to intentional retrieval

you’re fighting your gf and you’re trying to forget about it but you keep thinking about it

Question 23

what’s episodic memory?

Answer 23

memory for unique events defined by their spatial and temporal context

ex. You recall the details of a specific bday party you attended. You think about the location, people present, and the time it took place. This was originally called mental time travel.

Question 24

what’s semantic memory?

Answer 24

knowledge about events about the world or oneself

Question 25

define implicit memory?

Answer 25

information that we do not store purposely and is unintentionally memorized

like riding a bike

Question 26

procedural memory?

Answer 26

Retrieval through performance; conscious recollection not involved

Question 27

emotional condition?

Answer 27

associating neutral stimuli with emotional responses

Example: We prefer to see things we have already seen in the past over new things

Question 28

tell me everything about Clive wearing

Answer 28

he was a talented musician

suffered a brain infection in his 40s called herpes simplex, it affected the parts of his brain thats concerned with memory

retrograde and anterograde amnesia

retained procedural memory

Question 29

define retrograde amnesia?

Answer 29

means bro lost all memories from the past

Question 30

define anterograde amnesia?

Answer 30

unable to form and store new memories