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Livestock evaluation exam 1 > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define evaluation

A

The making of a judgment about the amount, number, or
value of something; assessment.

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2
Q

2 Types of livestock evaluation:

A

Terminal systems

  • Butchers (estimate poundage per animal)
  • Feeders (how much? when?)

Breeding systems

  • Critical herd sire selection
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3
Q

Why has the selection criteria changed?

A

Standards have changed

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4
Q

When are where was the first international livestock exploitation?

A
  • Chicago Union Stockyards (est 1866)
  • Born from a great necessity
  • Educational event for producers
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5
Q

What did the farm survey illustrate in 1899?

A
  • Improved animal production was
    necessary to prevent a period of scarcity of meats and unfertile soil
  • Livestock production was not keeping pace with the growing population
  • Loss in export opportunities
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6
Q

When was the 1st Chicago international?

A
  • December 1, 1900 (last 1974)
  • Over 6,000 entries from around the country
  • $75,000 in premiums (nearly $5,000,000 today)
  • 600 classes of livestock
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7
Q

How was the first international judging contest?

A

Collegiate contest
Classes of
* Cattle
* Hogs
* Sheep
* Horses

(Oral Reasons)

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8
Q

What skills do students develop from being part of a livestock judging team?

A

Important for student development
* Communication skills
* Work ethic
* Networking
* Decision making skills

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9
Q

In todays world what does livestock judging do for the industry?

A

It gives a direction for the industry
* Reward producers for superior genetics
* Trends

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10
Q

What where cattle trends like in the 1900’s?

A

-slow growing
-moderate
-big bodied
-low to ground

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11
Q

What trends occurred in the 1940’s?

A

Breeders (cattle) set about to reduce
frame size

  • Hasten maturity
  • Increase fleshing ability
  • Ability to finish at a younger age and
    lighter weight
  • Trend continued until the late 1950s
  • British-type breeds (cattle)
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12
Q

In the 1940’s- early 1950’s what ruined the purebread industry?

A

Snorter Dwaefism
-smaller than a frame 1
-Short Snorter

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13
Q

What was the problem with feed yards in the early 1960’s?

A

Feed yards unable to feed cattle
appropriately

  • Weight
  • QG
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14
Q

What was a huge milestone in 1965?

A

Yield Grade introduced
* Focused attention on overfat cattle coming out of the feed yards

Industry search begins:
* Shift the growth curve
* Current genetics not able to make any progress
* Charolais cross steers became popular

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15
Q

Why did the industry change in 1965’s?

A

Public perception/health concerns

INEFFICIENT PROCESS
* Inefficient use of feed resources
* Total production not meeting demand

  • New research and prototypes
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16
Q

In the 1970’s what did the trend focus on in terms of cattle?

A

1970s trend focused on much larger framed cattle

  • Continental explosion
  • Charolais
  • Limousin
  • Simmental
  • Chianina

Imported and growing in popularity

17
Q

What was the average carcass weight of fed steers in the US from 1965-1989?

A

From 1965 to 1989, the average carcass weight of fed steers in the U.S. increased by 15%, from
646 to 742 lb

18
Q

In 1973 who was the international championship?

A
  • 1460 lb
  • Lead to packer complaints about HCW
19
Q

What was a problem with the continuing trend of these championing animals getting larger?

A

Many of the champions were too lean and lacked body and flesh

20
Q

What weight was the 1980’s champion winner?

A

Dameron Linedrive
2527 lb at 32 months
Frame = 10+

21
Q

As animals began increasing in size what where issues arising?

A

Problems with this Trend =
* Heavy carcasses
* Poor QG
* Calving difficulty
* Impaired fleshing ability
* Structure
* Longevity of breeding stock

22
Q

What happened in 1987?

A

Excel specs
1270lb steer
Ideal muscle to finish composition

23
Q

What did the frame decrease from in 1988-1994?

A

decreased from a 10 to a 7 (downsizing)

24
Q

In 2001 what frame did the national championship hereford female have?

A

A frame of 6.3

25
Q

In 2003 what frame size did the north american champion chianina female have?

A

A frame of 6

26
Q

What are modern champions frame score?

A

A frame score of 5’s

27
Q

What are modern day steers like?

A

Moderate steers
* Feed efficient
* Heavy muscled without compromising structure
* High QG
* Acceptable carcass weight

28
Q

What are modern day steers like?

A

Moderate females
* Fleshing ability
* Moderate muscle
* Moderate mature cow weight
* Structural correctness

29
Q

In modern times what is beef production seen as?

A

Efficient beef production in the cowherd
* Calve easy
* Wean off a heavy calf annually
* Breed back on time
* Reduced feed intake

Efficient beef production in the feedlot
* Fast growing/feed efficient
* Quality carcass

Livestock evaluation exam 1 (11 decks)

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