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ANSC 212 > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Dorsal

A

Towards the top

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2
Q

Ventral

A

Towards the bottom

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3
Q

Anterior

A

Towards the front

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4
Q

Posterior

A

Towards the back

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5
Q

Caudal

A

But end

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6
Q

Cranial

A

Head end

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7
Q

Midsagittal plane???

A

Cut in half lengthwise

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8
Q

Transverse plane

A

Cut in half width wise

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9
Q

Frontal plane

A

Cut in half
Top from bottom

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10
Q

Cross section

A

Cutting straight through something to create a full view of its entirety

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11
Q

Cells

A

The building blocks of life

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12
Q

Tissues

A

Cells of similar structure/function grouped together

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13
Q

Organs

A

Contain 2 or more tissue types
Carry out more complex functions

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14
Q

Examples of organs

A

Pancreas
Liver
Heart
Kidney
Lungs
Brain
Intestine

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15
Q

Systems

A

Several organs working together to accomplish a common function
Interrelated parts

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16
Q

Most cells contain

A

A nucleus
Cytoplasm

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17
Q

Red blood cells do not have what, except for

A

Nuclei
Birds

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18
Q

Nuclei contain

A

Genes and chromosomes to control a cell’s function

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19
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Contains all organelles within the cell

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20
Q

Cell membrane

A

Lipid bilayer separating a cell from its environment

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21
Q

Nuclear pore

A

Passage into the nucleus

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22
Q

Chromatin

A

Tightly packed Protein and DNA

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23
Q

Nuclear envelope

A

Contains nuclear region

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24
Q

Nucleolus

A

Ribosome synthesis

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25
Q

Genes

A

Region of DNA that codes for a function

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26
Q

Chromosomes

A

DNA molecule (tightly packed double strand of genetic info)

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27
Q

Mitochondria

A

ATP (energy) is produced here

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28
Q

Ribosomes

A

Make protein

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29
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Transport system

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30
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Synthesis, modification, storing, sorting and transport of secretory products

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31
Q

Lysosomes

A

Degrade proteins, carbs, and Nucleic acids

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32
Q

Which cells contain many lysosomes

A

White blood cells

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33
Q

ATP

A

Form of energy for biological processes

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34
Q

Proteins

A

Polymers of amino acids
Diverse functions

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35
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Lines surfaces of the body

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36
Q

Adipose tissue

A

Fat tissue

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37
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Made up of contracting fibres to create movement

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38
Q

Nervous tissue

A

Transmit electrical signals with projections

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39
Q

Blood

A

Connective tissue make up of cells in a liquid matrix

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40
Q

Cartilage tissue

A

Connective tissue in a stiff extracellular matrix

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41
Q

Bone

A

Connective tissue in a hard extracellular matrix

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42
Q

Connective tissue

A

Padding under skin

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43
Q

External body parts

A

Skin
Pelage
Hooves
Claws
Horns/antlers
Combs/wattles

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44
Q

Skin

A

Innate immunity
Physical barrier
Temperature regulation (glands)
Sensing (nerves)

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45
Q

Glands in skin

A

Sweat glands
Sebaceous glands

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46
Q

Sweat glands

A

Ducts in skin
Cooling purposes
Exocrine gland

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47
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

Exocrine gland, connected to hair follicle
Produces sebum for lubrication

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48
Q

Lanolin

A

Produced from sebaceous gland of wool animals
Moisturizer

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49
Q

Epidermis

A

Outer layer of cells
No blood

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50
Q

Dermis

A

Inner layer
Connective tissue
Blood and lymph vessels
Nerves
Glands

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51
Q

Lymph vessels

A

Carry lymph/fluid?

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52
Q

Underneath the dermis

A

Adipose tissue
Subcutaneous and fatty tissue

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53
Q

Modified appendages of the skin

A

Fur, wool, horns, feathers and hooves

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54
Q

Fur

A

Coat covering of cattle, horses, swine ………..

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55
Q

Wool

A

The coat covering of sheep

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56
Q

What does it mean if a sheep has been shorn?

A

The producer has taken of its wool for animal comfort and profit

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57
Q

Feathers are

A

The body covering of poultry

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58
Q

What is the process by which hens shed their feathers and grow new ones?

A

Molting

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59
Q

When do hens shed their feathers?

A

late summer

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60
Q

When do hens grow new feathers?

A

Winter

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61
Q

What is commercial molting?

A

Using altered light duration to bring older hens back to laying

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62
Q

Is forced (commercial) molting allowed in Canada?

A

No

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63
Q

Hoof

A

Hard covering of toe for protection

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64
Q

Ungulate

A

Hoofed animal

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65
Q

Which animals have cloven hooves?

A

Cattle
Sheep
Goats
Swine

66
Q

Which animals do not have cloven hooves?

A

Horses
Camels
Mule foot swine

67
Q

Purpose of horns

A

Defense and temperature regulation

68
Q

How are thick horns useful?

A

They retain heat (sheep)

69
Q

How are thin horns useful?

A

They disperse heat

70
Q

Animals that have antlers

A

deer, moose, elk, reindeer

71
Q

Animals that have horns

A

Cattle, sheep, goats, bison

72
Q

Are antlers found on males or females?

A

Only males (Except reindeer)

73
Q

Are horns found on males or females?

A

Both (Smaller in female)

74
Q

Are horns or antlers branched?

A

Antlers

75
Q

Are horns or antlers grown and shed every year?

A

Antlers

76
Q

Do horns or antlers grow throughout and animals life?

A

Horns

77
Q

Components of antlers

A

Bone covered in velvet

78
Q

Components of horns

A

bone covered in Keratin

79
Q

Are antlers part of an animals skull?

A

Yes

80
Q

How are horns attached to the skull?

A

Connective tissue

81
Q

What group are Combs and wattles common in?

A

Poultry

82
Q

What breed of pig has a wattle?

A

Red-Wattle

83
Q

What is the point of combs and wattles?

A

Decorative/Attraction
Temperature regulation

84
Q

The skeletal system is comprised of

A

Bones, cartilage, teeth, joints

85
Q

What system provides internal framework of an animal?

A

Skeletal

86
Q

Endoskeleton

A

Bones within the body (framework)

87
Q

Exoskeleton

A

Bones outside of body (protection)

88
Q

Purpose of the skeleton

A

Form/support
Locomotion/muscle attachment
Protection
Production of red blood cells (bone marrowO

89
Q

What makes up the outer layer of bones?

A

Tricalcium phosphate
Collagen
Chondroitin sulfate

90
Q

What makes up the core of bones?

A

Bone marrow (soft tissue)

91
Q

Types of bone marrow

A

Yellow and red

92
Q

Yellow marrow

A

Fat

93
Q

Red marrow

A

Blood cell and platelet formation

94
Q

Major reason for culling livestock

A

Lameness

95
Q

What should be included in diets fo maintain bones?

A

Calcium
Phosphorus
Vitamine D

96
Q

Sources of bone supplements

A

Limestone
Dicalcium Phosphate
Alfalfa

97
Q

Prepartum dairy cattle diets

A

Increase Ca levels and bone mobilization

98
Q

Parts of the skeleton

A

Axial
Appendicular

99
Q

Parts of the axial skeleton

A

Skull
Vertebral colomn
Rib cage

100
Q

Parts of the appendicular skeleton

A

Front and hind limbs (the appendages)

101
Q

Parts of a vertebrae

A

BATSS
Body, arch, transverse process, spinal process, spinal cord

102
Q

Types of vertebra

A

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, Coccygeal

103
Q

Where are cervical vertebrae located?

A

The neck

104
Q

Where are Thoracic vertebrae located?

A

Ribs (attachment)

105
Q

Where are Lumbar vertebrae located?

A

Between the ribs and pelvis

106
Q

Where are sacral vertebrae located?

A

The pelvis/Sacrum???

107
Q

Where are Coccygeal vertebrae located?

A

The tail

108
Q

Are cervical vertebrae large or small

A

Small (spinal and transverse process)

109
Q

Which vertebra facilitate neck movement?

A

Atlas
Axis

110
Q

Number of cervical vertebra

A

7-14

111
Q

Which vertebrae have a well developed spinal process?

A

Thoracic

112
Q

Number of thoracic vertebra?

A

12-18

113
Q

Which vertebra form the withers?

A

Thoracic

114
Q

What are thoracic vertebra connected to?

A

Ribs

115
Q

Which vertebra have large transverse processes?

A

Lumbar

116
Q

Which vertebra is in the t-bone steak?

A

Lumbar

117
Q

Number of lumbar vertebra

A

5-6

118
Q

Which vertebra are fused together to create a sacrum

A

Sacral

119
Q

The pelvis is joined to which vertebra

A

Sacral (the sacrum)

120
Q

Number of sacral vertebra

A

4-5

121
Q

Which vertebra form the tail?

A

Coccygeal

122
Q

Number of coccygeal vertebra

A

15-25
Biggest range of vertebra (tail length)

123
Q

Skull

A

head bone

124
Q

mandible

A

Jaw bone

125
Q

Scapula

A

Shoulder blade

126
Q

Humorous

A

After scapula (upper arm)

127
Q

Sternum

A

Attachment of true ribs
Floor of thorax

128
Q

Ulna

A

Lower arm

129
Q

Radius

A

lower arm

130
Q

Is the ulna or radius bigger?

A

Radius (except in birds)

131
Q

Carpus

A

Wrist

132
Q

metacarpus

A

hand

133
Q

Phalanges

A

Fingers

134
Q

Illium and Ischium

A

Pelvis

135
Q

Femur

A

upper leg

136
Q

Patella

A

knee cap

137
Q

Fibula

A

lower leg

138
Q

Tibia

A

Lower leg

139
Q

Tarsus

A

Ankle

140
Q

Metatarsus

A

foot

141
Q

Phalanges (ventral)

A

toes

142
Q

Hip (meat cut)

A

Pelvis and upper leg

143
Q

Sirloin

A

midsection (Dorsal)

144
Q

Rib (meat cut)

A

Chest section (dorsal)

145
Q

Flank/Plate

A

mid and chest section (ventral)

146
Q

Chuck

A

Neck

147
Q

Brisket/Shank

A

chest and upper arm

148
Q

Where are hind and front quarter separated?

A

bottom rib

149
Q

BCS

A

Scale of 1-5 for determining condition

150
Q

Underconditiond

A

BCS <2
Thin, stress intolerant, low calf yield

151
Q

Ideal condition

A

BCS =3
High pregnancy, easy cycle, better calf yield and ease

152
Q

Overconditioned

A

BCS>4
high fat, mobility and calving trouble

153
Q

Ribs

A

Form lateral walls, attached to thoracic vertebrae

154
Q

Purpose of ribs and sternum

A

Protect lungs and circulatory system

155
Q

False/Floating ribs

A

Not connected tot the sternum

156
Q

Pectoral limb

A

Front legs

157
Q

Perissodactyl

A

Odd toed

158
Q

Artiodactyl

A

Even toed

159
Q

Pelvic limb

A

rear legs

160
Q

Pelvic Girdle

A

Ilium, Ischium, pubis

161
Q

Coccygeal vertebrae also go by

A

caudal

ANSC 212 (4 decks)

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