Lecture 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Dorsal
A
Towards the top
2
Q
Ventral
A
Towards the bottom
3
Q
Anterior
A
Towards the front
4
Q
Posterior
A
Towards the back
5
Q
Caudal
A
But end
6
Q
Cranial
A
Head end
7
Q
Midsagittal plane???
A
Cut in half lengthwise
8
Q
Transverse plane
A
Cut in half width wise
9
Q
Frontal plane
A
Cut in half
Top from bottom
10
Q
Cross section
A
Cutting straight through something to create a full view of its entirety
11
Q
Cells
A
The building blocks of life
12
Q
Tissues
A
Cells of similar structure/function grouped together
13
Q
Organs
A
Contain 2 or more tissue types
Carry out more complex functions
14
Q
Examples of organs
A
Pancreas
Liver
Heart
Kidney
Lungs
Brain
Intestine
15
Q
Systems
A
Several organs working together to accomplish a common function
Interrelated parts
16
Q
Most cells contain
A
A nucleus
Cytoplasm
17
Q
Red blood cells do not have what, except for
A
Nuclei
Birds
18
Q
Nuclei contain
A
Genes and chromosomes to control a cell’s function
19
Q
Cytoplasm
A
Contains all organelles within the cell
20
Q
Cell membrane
A
Lipid bilayer separating a cell from its environment
21
Q
Nuclear pore
A
Passage into the nucleus
22
Q
Chromatin
A
Tightly packed Protein and DNA
23
Q
Nuclear envelope
A
Contains nuclear region
24
Q
Nucleolus
A
Ribosome synthesis
25
Genes
Region of DNA that codes for a function
26
Chromosomes
DNA molecule (tightly packed double strand of genetic info)
27
Mitochondria
ATP (energy) is produced here
28
Ribosomes
Make protein
29
Endoplasmic reticulum
Transport system
30
Golgi apparatus
Synthesis, modification, storing, sorting and transport of secretory products
31
Lysosomes
Degrade proteins, carbs, and Nucleic acids
32
Which cells contain many lysosomes
White blood cells
33
ATP
Form of energy for biological processes
34
Proteins
Polymers of amino acids
Diverse functions
35
Epithelial tissue
Lines surfaces of the body
36
Adipose tissue
Fat tissue
37
Muscle tissue
Made up of contracting fibres to create movement
38
Nervous tissue
Transmit electrical signals with projections
39
Blood
Connective tissue make up of cells in a liquid matrix
40
Cartilage tissue
Connective tissue in a stiff extracellular matrix
41
Bone
Connective tissue in a hard extracellular matrix
42
Connective tissue
Padding under skin
43
External body parts
Skin
Pelage
Hooves
Claws
Horns/antlers
Combs/wattles
44
Skin
Innate immunity
Physical barrier
Temperature regulation (glands)
Sensing (nerves)
45
Glands in skin
Sweat glands
Sebaceous glands
46
Sweat glands
Ducts in skin
Cooling purposes
Exocrine gland
47
Sebaceous glands
Exocrine gland, connected to hair follicle
Produces sebum for lubrication
48
Lanolin
Produced from sebaceous gland of wool animals
Moisturizer
49
Epidermis
Outer layer of cells
No blood
50
Dermis
Inner layer
Connective tissue
Blood and lymph vessels
Nerves
Glands
51
Lymph vessels
Carry lymph/fluid?
52
Underneath the dermis
Adipose tissue
Subcutaneous and fatty tissue
53
Modified appendages of the skin
Fur, wool, horns, feathers and hooves
54
Fur
Coat covering of cattle, horses, swine ………..
55
Wool
The coat covering of sheep
56
What does it mean if a sheep has been shorn?
The producer has taken of its wool for animal comfort and profit
57
Feathers are
The body covering of poultry
58
What is the process by which hens shed their feathers and grow new ones?
Molting
59
When do hens shed their feathers?
late summer
60
When do hens grow new feathers?
Winter
61
What is commercial molting?
Using altered light duration to bring older hens back to laying
62
Is forced (commercial) molting allowed in Canada?
No
63
Hoof
Hard covering of toe for protection
64
Ungulate
Hoofed animal
65
Which animals have cloven hooves?
Cattle
Sheep
Goats
Swine
66
Which animals do not have cloven hooves?
Horses
Camels
Mule foot swine
67
Purpose of horns
Defense and temperature regulation
68
How are thick horns useful?
They retain heat (sheep)
69
How are thin horns useful?
They disperse heat
70
Animals that have antlers
deer, moose, elk, reindeer
71
Animals that have horns
Cattle, sheep, goats, bison
72
Are antlers found on males or females?
Only males (Except reindeer)
73
Are horns found on males or females?
Both (Smaller in female)
74
Are horns or antlers branched?
Antlers
75
Are horns or antlers grown and shed every year?
Antlers
76
Do horns or antlers grow throughout and animals life?
Horns
77
Components of antlers
Bone covered in velvet
78
Components of horns
bone covered in Keratin
79
Are antlers part of an animals skull?
Yes
80
How are horns attached to the skull?
Connective tissue
81
What group are Combs and wattles common in?
Poultry
82
What breed of pig has a wattle?
Red-Wattle
83
What is the point of combs and wattles?
Decorative/Attraction
Temperature regulation
84
The skeletal system is comprised of
Bones, cartilage, teeth, joints
85
What system provides internal framework of an animal?
Skeletal
86
Endoskeleton
Bones within the body (framework)
87
Exoskeleton
Bones outside of body (protection)
88
Purpose of the skeleton
Form/support
Locomotion/muscle attachment
Protection
Production of red blood cells (bone marrowO
89
What makes up the outer layer of bones?
Tricalcium phosphate
Collagen
Chondroitin sulfate
90
What makes up the core of bones?
Bone marrow (soft tissue)
91
Types of bone marrow
Yellow and red
92
Yellow marrow
Fat
93
Red marrow
Blood cell and platelet formation
94
Major reason for culling livestock
Lameness
95
What should be included in diets fo maintain bones?
Calcium
Phosphorus
Vitamine D
96
Sources of bone supplements
Limestone
Dicalcium Phosphate
Alfalfa
97
Prepartum dairy cattle diets
Increase Ca levels and bone mobilization
98
Parts of the skeleton
Axial
Appendicular
99
Parts of the axial skeleton
Skull
Vertebral colomn
Rib cage
100
Parts of the appendicular skeleton
Front and hind limbs (the appendages)
101
Parts of a vertebrae
BATSS
Body, arch, transverse process, spinal process, spinal cord
102
Types of vertebra
Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, Coccygeal
103
Where are cervical vertebrae located?
The neck
104
Where are Thoracic vertebrae located?
Ribs (attachment)
105
Where are Lumbar vertebrae located?
Between the ribs and pelvis
106
Where are sacral vertebrae located?
The pelvis/Sacrum???
107
Where are Coccygeal vertebrae located?
The tail
108
Are cervical vertebrae large or small
Small (spinal and transverse process)
109
Which vertebra facilitate neck movement?
Atlas
Axis
110
Number of cervical vertebra
7-14
111
Which vertebrae have a well developed spinal process?
Thoracic
112
Number of thoracic vertebra?
12-18
113
Which vertebra form the withers?
Thoracic
114
What are thoracic vertebra connected to?
Ribs
115
Which vertebra have large transverse processes?
Lumbar
116
Which vertebra is in the t-bone steak?
Lumbar
117
Number of lumbar vertebra
5-6
118
Which vertebra are fused together to create a sacrum
Sacral
119
The pelvis is joined to which vertebra
Sacral (the sacrum)
120
Number of sacral vertebra
4-5
121
Which vertebra form the tail?
Coccygeal
122
Number of coccygeal vertebra
15-25
Biggest range of vertebra (tail length)
123
Skull
head bone
124
mandible
Jaw bone
125
Scapula
Shoulder blade
126
Humorous
After scapula (upper arm)
127
Sternum
Attachment of true ribs
Floor of thorax
128
Ulna
Lower arm
129
Radius
lower arm
130
Is the ulna or radius bigger?
Radius (except in birds)
131
Carpus
Wrist
132
metacarpus
hand
133
Phalanges
Fingers
134
Illium and Ischium
Pelvis
135
Femur
upper leg
136
Patella
knee cap
137
Fibula
lower leg
138
Tibia
Lower leg
139
Tarsus
Ankle
140
Metatarsus
foot
141
Phalanges (ventral)
toes
142
Hip (meat cut)
Pelvis and upper leg
143
Sirloin
midsection (Dorsal)
144
Rib (meat cut)
Chest section (dorsal)
145
Flank/Plate
mid and chest section (ventral)
146
Chuck
Neck
147
Brisket/Shank
chest and upper arm
148
Where are hind and front quarter separated?
bottom rib
149
BCS
Scale of 1-5 for determining condition
150
Underconditiond
BCS <2
Thin, stress intolerant, low calf yield
151
Ideal condition
BCS =3
High pregnancy, easy cycle, better calf yield and ease
152
Overconditioned
BCS>4
high fat, mobility and calving trouble
153
Ribs
Form lateral walls, attached to thoracic vertebrae
154
Purpose of ribs and sternum
Protect lungs and circulatory system
155
False/Floating ribs
Not connected tot the sternum
156
Pectoral limb
Front legs
157
Perissodactyl
Odd toed
158
Artiodactyl
Even toed
159
Pelvic limb
rear legs
160
Pelvic Girdle
Ilium, Ischium, pubis
161
Coccygeal vertebrae also go by
caudal
