Lecture 1 Flashcards
Occupational hygiene
Review controls and effectiveness of hazards to reduce risk
* Perform Measurement and Monitor hazards using systematic
approaches
Area Monitor:
* Airborne contaminants
* Biological materials
* Comfort levels
* Noise
* Radiation
Personal monitor and dosimetry:
* Chemical exposure
* Noise dose
* Ionizing radiation dose
Biological Monitor:
* Chemical and biological exposures
3 classes, to reduce exposure to hazards
Engineering controls: equipment, items, actions to reduce
harmful exposure (most effective)
* examples: ventilation controls, lab design
Administrative controls: actions by administration to reduce
employee exposure
* examples: orientation, training, immunizations,
* Personal protective equipment controls: use of PPE, last line of
defense
* examples: gloves, gown, lab coats,
Whose responsibility is it to keep workers safe ? levels of government
Provincial: Occupational H&S, worker’s
comp (WSIB), WHMIS, TDG
* Federal: Labour Code, WHMIS, TDG
(rail, air, water), Criminal code, Human
Pathogens and Toxins Act, Nuclear
Safety and Control Act
Municipal: fire, building, sanitation and
waste disposal codes
Whose responsibility is it -employer
Provide
o resources to work safely
* Orient and train
o all employees
* Identify
o hazards
* Conduct
o inspections and incident
investigations
* Participate
o in development and
implementation of programs
Whose responsibility is it -employee
- Complete
- Orientation and training
- Implement
- Hazard controls
- Follow
- the rules and safe work
practices - Report
- Uncontrolled hazards and
incidents - Participate
- in the development and
implementation of programs
Safe practice- the
basics
- Before leaving the lab
- Clean, disinfect or decontaminate
- Dispose all hazardous waste
- Return materials and equipment
- Turn everything off
- Remove gloves and lab coat
- WASH HANDS!
- close & lock lab door
Spill clean up
Chemical Spill Kits
* In place in each lab
* Remove all people from the area
* Let faculty know
* If small benchtop spill, we can contain it with spill kit,
let spill team know, they will come to dispose
Allow aerosol to settle
* Wear proper PPE
* Cover spill with paper towel
* Flood with 10% hypochlorite
* Let stand for 30 minutes
* Wipe area with water and allow to air
dry
* Dispose of paper towels in biohazard
waste container
- Hazard:
- Source of potential damage, harm on something or someone
- Risk:
Chance or probability that a person will be harmed or experience an adverse health effect if
exposed to a hazard (i.e low or high risk)
Incident:
- Accident:
a minor event that could have caused harm (under different circumstances)…..”near miss”
a major unplanned event that causes harm to people or damage to property
Hazards-Biological
routes of entry and examples
- Absorption – via body contact can transfer directly across skin
- Injection – contact with needles and sharps
- Ingestion – via direct or indirect consumption
- Inhalation- via the respiratory system (most common)
- Exposure to aerosols may be the greatest biohazard facing laboratory workers
- suspension of particles (bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi) from manipulations in the
lab, may gain access to respiratory system
- Universal Precautions (UP)
treat all blood specimens, and certain other bodily
fluids, as if contaminated with blood-borne
pathogens such as hepatitis and HIV
* do not apply to feces, nasal secretions, saliva,
sputum, sweat, tears, vomit and urine unless they
contain visible blood
Body Substance Precautions (BSP)
treat all body fluids and substances including
secretions and excretions (not just those associated
with Hep B and HIV) as potentially infectious
Standard Precautions (US, Canada)
applies to blood, all body fluids, secretions (except
sweat), non intact skin, mucous membranes
* Includes hand washing and use of PPE (gloves,
masks, etc.), barrier techniques for entering a
patient’s room, cleaning and disinfecting, training,
etc.
* combines requirements of UP and BSP
Routine Practices and types of transmission
how to decontaminate
Standards and strategies to protect workers from
exposure to infectious disease
* 3 types of transmission-based precautions for patients
implemented: contact, droplet and airborne
* Routine practices include: a risk assessment, hand
hygiene, control of the environment or location,
administrative controls, and PP
Decontamination:
* Sterilization and disinfection
* chemical disinfectants
* autoclave
* gas sterilizers (ETOH)
* incineration
* Infection Control
* Routine practices to protect both you and the
patient
Three program elements in WHMIS
*Labels - supplier and workplace labels
* SDS (Safety Data Sheets) - 15 CATEGORIES
* Training
* Incorporates GHS (Globally Harmonized System) as of 2015
Globally harmonized System (GHS)
Two major elements:
◼ Classification of chemical products
◼ Hazard communication tools:
◼ Format for Safety Data Sheets (SDS)
◼ Content for label and SDS with
hazard/precautionary statements,
symbols and signal word
WHMIS-Labels
- Product Identifier
- Initial supplier identifier (name, address, phone)
- Pictograms
- Signal words
- Hazard statement
- Precautionary statement
- Supplemental label information
Categories of Hazards
Biological * eg., pathogenic microorganisms,
biological tissues
* Chemical * eg., flammables, corrosives, toxics
* Physical * eg., radiation, noise
* Equipment * eg., machinery with moving parts, high
voltage apparatus
* Ergonomic - repetitive motion injuries, carpal tunnel (exercise, take breaks, rotate tasks)
* Psychosocial/Psychological * eg., emotional stress, Workplace conflict, violence, and harassment , job changes/security, noise,
CLASSES OF FIRE
A: paper, wood, cloth, rubbish
* B: gasoline, oil, paints, grease, other
flammable liquids
* C: overloaded or short-circuited live
electrical equipment (e.g. mixers,
incinerators, large equipment
* D: flammable metals (e.g. sodium,
potassium)
* K: flammables containing a fat (e.g.
cooking oils)
Dry chemical (use on A,B or C)
