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Clin Tech 3 - Repro > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

a specialty of veterinary medicine concerned with animal reproduction

A

Theriogenology

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2
Q

what five studies are covered under Theriogenology

A

Physiology
Pathology
Obstetrics
Gynecology
Andrology

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3
Q

What does andrology mean

A

study of male health

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4
Q

six common aspects of repro

A

Hormones (endocrine)
Hormonal interaction
Breeding
Fertilization
Pregnancy
Birth (parturition)

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5
Q

present in early embryo will become either male or female reproductive systems.

A

two embryologic tubular systems

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6
Q

male embryologic tubular system

A

Wolffian

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7
Q

female embryologic tubular system

A

Mullarian

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8
Q

Where do the embryologic tubular systems run

A

between gonads and urethra

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9
Q

chromosomes that determine the male

A

XY

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10
Q

chromosomes that determine the female

A

XX

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11
Q

Three important parts of the male repro system

A

Epididymis
Vas Deferens
Seminal Vesicle

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12
Q

Four important parts of the female repro system

A

Uterine Tubes
Uterus
Cervix
Anterior vagina

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13
Q

six parts of the mammalian repro anatomy

A

Hypothalamus
Pituitary
Pineal gland – sleep patterns
Gonads: ovaries or testes
Tubular genitalia (male or female)
Endocrine glands

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14
Q

form vital chemical signals called hormones that drive many processes in the body, including reproduction.

A

endocrine glands

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15
Q

In females, gives rise to a carefully orchestrated, repeating cycle that is designed to bring about mating, pregnancy, and birth.

A

hormonal changes

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16
Q

Sequence of events in female reproductive cycle

A

estrous cycle

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17
Q

Adjective used when describing events in female reproductive cycle

A

Estrous

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18
Q

time of first ovulation (female)

A

puberty

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19
Q

time leading to estrus (female)

A

proestrus

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20
Q

time of sexual receptivity and mating (female)

A

estrus

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21
Q

time of pregnancy establishment (female)

A

diestrus

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22
Q

time when female is not undergoing reproductive events

A

anestrus

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23
Q

where does all repro start (for both male and female)

A

the brain

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24
Q

FSH and LH are what kind of proteins

A

glycoproteins

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25
Q

where are FSH and LH stored

A

anterior pituitary

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26
Q

FSH and LH can’t be _______ and have to be obtained from natural sources

A

synthesized

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27
Q

five hormones of the estrous cycle

A

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Estrogen
Inhibin
Luteinizing hormone (LH)

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28
Q

Two hormones of pregnancy

A

Progesterone
Prostaglandin

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29
Q

what does GnRH stand for

A

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

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30
Q

origination point of GnRH

A

hypothalamus

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31
Q

destination of GnRH

A

anterior pituitary

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32
Q

function of GnRH

A

causes release of LH and FSH from anterior pituitary at different times of estrous cycle

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33
Q

origination point of FSH

A

Anterior Pituitary

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34
Q

destination point of FSH

A

ovary

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35
Q

function of FSH

A

stimulates follicles to initiate growth of Ovarian Follicle

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36
Q

what does LH stand for

A

luteinizing hormone

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37
Q

origination point for LH

A

anterior pituitary gland

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38
Q

destination point for LH

A

ovary

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39
Q

function of LH

A

causes mature follicle to ovulate (released into oviduct for possible fertilization)

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40
Q

ovulation forms the _______ _______ and then the _______ ________

A

Corpus Hemmorhagicum» Corpus Luteum

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41
Q

which female repro hormone is a steroid hormone

A

estrogen

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42
Q

origination point of estrogen

A

folilicle

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43
Q

destination point of estrogen

A

hypothalamus

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44
Q

two functions of estrogen

A

causes characteristic female behaviors, biology, and sexual receptivity to the male when the female is in estrus

triggers GnRH release from hypothalamus > to release LH from pituitary

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45
Q

which female repro hormone is a protein hormone, controls how many babies will be born (horses vs dogs)

A

inhibin

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46
Q

origination point of inhibin

A

granulosa cells of follicle

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47
Q

destination point of inhibin

A

pituitary gland

48
Q

origination point for prostaglandin

A

uterus (endometrium)

49
Q

destination point for prostaglandin

A

ovary

50
Q

function of prostaglandin

A

kills the corpus luteum

51
Q

what does killing the corpus luteum do

A

stops progesterone production - happens when ovulation occurs with no pregnancy

52
Q

what species is the exception to prostaglandin killing the corpus luteum

A

cats and dogs

53
Q

what blocks the production of prostaglandin

A

A baby! (fetus)

54
Q

Expulsion of egg (ova) from follicle in the ovary

A

ovulation

55
Q

most species (besides dogs and cats) will initiate the end of what

A

diestrus

56
Q

during diestrus, prostaglandin is released from where

A

uterus

57
Q

prostaglandin binds to ______ ______ and _____ it

A

corpus luteum
lyses

58
Q

why do progesterone levels fall

A

due to destruction of the Corpus Luteum

59
Q

when progesterone levels fall, FSH rises allowing for what

A

a new follicle to grow

60
Q

time of follicular growth following CL destruction

A

proestrus

61
Q

when does estrus resume

A

after follicles mature

62
Q

LH surge releases what

A

oocyte

63
Q

what do canines and felines have that make them an exception for the initiation of the end of diestrus

A

the corpa lutea (plural for corpus luteum) has a preprogrammed finite life spans

64
Q

In dogs and cats, the corpa lutea is independent of what

A

prostaglandin

65
Q

what happens to the corpa lutea in dogs and cats if they are not pregnant

A

it is not destroyed

66
Q

fertilization is the production of an ______ with both maternal and paternal chromosome compliment

A

embryo

67
Q

Embryo stays in _______ for several days prior to migration to ________

A

oviduct
uterus

68
Q

where does pregnancy begin

A

the uterine tube (oviduct)

69
Q

what three things make up the oviduct

A

Infundibulum
Ampulla
Isthmus

70
Q

site of fertilization

A

ampulla/isthmus junction

71
Q

what is superfecundation

A

multiple sires fertilize multiple eggs - has to happen very close to each other

72
Q

Embryo must establish itself as a viable pregnancy before ________ _________ is destroyed by _____________

A

corpus luteum
prostaglandins

73
Q

Embryo produces specific substance called

A

conception factors

74
Q

canines and felines have preprogrammed finite ________ ________ lifetimes, independent of __________

A

corpus luteum
prostaglandins

75
Q

an embryo AFTER organ formation

A

fetus

76
Q

forms from specialized cells on the embryo

A

placenta

77
Q

placenta cells develop into ______ and ______

A

chorion
allantois

78
Q

Chorion fuses with allantois to form the

A

chorioallantois

79
Q

Chorion attaches to ________, and functions in transferring _________ from the uterus to the fetus.

A

uterus
nutrients

80
Q

what are the two fluid sacs that surround the fetus

A

Chorioallantois and Amnion

81
Q

one of the lobules constituting the uterine side of the mammalian placenta (inside of placentome)

A

cotyledon

82
Q

fleshy masses on the wall of the uterus of pregnant ruminants; placenta is attached only at these points (outside of placentome)

A

caruncle

83
Q

cotyledon + caruncle =

A

placentome

84
Q

when does embryonic development commence

A

embryonic attachment to the uterus

85
Q

To cause parturition, the fetal ______ system sends signals to trigger changes in ________ ________/_______ system

A

endocrine
parental endocrine/reproductive

86
Q

In parturition, the Fetal hypothalamus releases _______ _______ _______

A

Hypothalamus
Corticotropic releasing hormone (CRH)

87
Q

In parturition, Corticotropic releasing hormone (CRH) triggers fetal _______ gland to release _________ ________

A

pituitary
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

88
Q

In parturition, Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) triggers fetal ______ gland to produce fetal ________

A

adrenal
cortisol

89
Q

The only domestic species in which entire parturition mechanism is completely understood.

A

sheep

90
Q

high cortisol concentrations cause what in preparation of parturition

A

hormonal changes

91
Q

In preparation for parturition:

Placenta stops producing ______
Placenta starts to produce ________
Uterus releases ________

A

progesterone
estrogen
prostaglandin

92
Q

In preparation for parturition, Hormonal changes trigger ______ dilation and ______ contraction

A

cervix
uterine

93
Q

Three stages of parturition

A

preparation for delivery
fetal expulsion
expulsion of placenta

94
Q

Three kinds of cells in the testicle

A

Germ cells
Sertoli cells
Interstitial cells

95
Q

what kind of cells in the testicle produce sperm

A

Germ cells

96
Q

what kind of cells in the testicle Separate Sperm from rest of body

A

sertoli cells

97
Q

sertoli cells form what part of the testicle

A

tubules

98
Q

what kind of cells in the testicle Support structure for tubules

A

interstitial cells

99
Q

interstitial cells in the testicles produce what

A

testosterone

100
Q

Formed to Collect sperm and carry to Epididymis

A

Seminiferous Tubules

101
Q

what hormone targets interstitial cells to produce testosterone

A

LH

102
Q

what hormone is linked to sertoli cells

A

FSH

103
Q

hormone that increases cell division and sperm production

A

FSH

104
Q

increased sperm production releases what hormone

A

inhibin

105
Q

what does the head of the epididymis do for sperm

A

helps them gain motility

106
Q

what does the tail of the epididymis do for sperm

A

provides storage for sperm

107
Q

three parts of the epididymis

A

head
body
tail

108
Q

what species have a musculovascular penis

A

horse
dog
cat

109
Q

what makes the penis blood filled and musculovascular

A

Corpus spongiosum

110
Q

process where sperm move from end of ductus deferens to ampulae

A

emission

111
Q

four accessory sex glands in the male

A

Ampulae
Prostate
Vesicular Gland
Bulbourethral

112
Q

physical and biochemical change that happens to sperm once it is in the female repro tract, this change is needed to fertilize the oocyte

A

capacitation

113
Q

three parts of semen evaluation

A

motility
morphology
concentration

114
Q

how many sperm cells should be counted for morphology evaluation

A

100 sprem cells

115
Q

Four things to evaluate in semen morphology

A

Proximal/distal Droplets
kinked/coiled Tails
Head shape
Midpiece problems

116
Q

how is semen concentration evaluated

A

Dilute 1:100 and count on hemocytometer

117
Q

what is the trick to canine semen collection

A

pressure and gloved hand

Clin Tech 3 - Repro (3 decks)

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