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BMC > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

CNS

A
  • brain and spinal cord
  • control centre
  • major function - analyse info from sensory organs
  • damage cause global effect on body
  • nerve fibres cannot regenerate
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2
Q

PNS

A
  • consists of everything else - cranial & spinal nerves
  • major function - transmit sensory info to CNS ; pass out motor impulses to effector organs
  • damage causes local effect on body
  • nerve fibres can be regenerated
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3
Q

afferent

A

to carry towards

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4
Q

efferent

A

to carry away

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5
Q

Inputs

A

travel from sensors to the brain via afferent

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6
Q

Outputs

A

travel from brain to effectors along efferent

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7
Q

Somatic nervous system

A
  • controls voluntary movements
  • detects sensory stimuli: smell, taste, noise
  • always causes an excitatory response
  • single neuron b/w CNS & effector organ
  • thick myelinated fibres
  • function - posture & movement
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8
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A
  • regulates involuntary movements
  • detects sensory stimuli: blood pressure, pH, salinity
  • excitatory or inhibitory response
  • thick or thin myelinated fibres
  • two neurons b/w CNS & effector organs
  • functions - secretion & control of metabolism
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9
Q

Sympathetic nervous sytem

A
  • mobilises body systems during activity
  • action is a quick response
  • raises sensory awareness
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10
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A
  • relxes body by inhibiting high energy functions
  • action is a slow response
  • restores sensory awareness to normal level
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11
Q

Excitatory currents

A

those that prompt one neuron to share info to the next through an action potential

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12
Q

Inhibitory currents

A

reduce probability of such a transfer taking place

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13
Q

Dendrites

A
  • carry incoming signals towards cell body
  • afferent
  • short, branched extensions of a nerve cell
  • nerve cell have many dendrites
  • branch near cell body
  • myelinated
  • ribosomes
  • rough surface
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14
Q

Axons

A
  • carry signals away from cell body
  • efferent
  • long thread like
  • nerve cell has one single axon
  • branch away from cell body
  • myelinated or non-myelinated
  • smooth
  • no ribosomes
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15
Q

Sensory neurons

A
  • external stimuli to internal electrical impulses
  • long denrites, short axon
  • cell body in dorsal root ganglion in SC
  • soma outside CNS
  • afferent pathway
  • found in skin, eyes, nose, ears
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16
Q

Interneurons

A
  • connect sensory & motor neurons
  • communicat w eachother
  • short dendrite, short or long axon
  • entirely within CNS
17
Q

Motor neurons

A
  • conduct impulses to effector organs
  • located in ventral root ganglion of SC
  • efferent pathway
  • short dendrite, long axon
  • soma and dendrite within SC, axon outside
  • mainly found in glands and muscles
18
Q

neuronal pathway

A
  • 3 major components : axon, soma, dendrite
  • neurons receive signals from denrite
  • travel via cell body to axon
  • from axon signal goes to next neuron via synapse
19
Q

Multipolar neurons

A
  • most comon type or neurons
  • most abundant in humans
  • 3 or more protoplasmic processes
  • one axon, many dendrites
  • major neuron in CNS
20
Q

Bipolar neurons

A
  • two processes run in opp direction
  • one axon, one denrite
  • few in number; rare in humans
  • found in retina of eye and olfactory system
21
Q

Unipolar neuron

A
  • only one protoplasmic process
  • axon only
  • mammals - afferent division of PNS
  • dorsal root ganglion; cranial nerve ganglia
22
Q

Neuroglia

A
  1. CNS
    * astrocytes
    * microglia
    * ependymal
  2. PNS
    * satellite cells
    * schwann cells
23
Q

Astrocytes/ Satellite

A

regulate the external environment of the neurons in the CNS

24
Q

Schwann cells

A

form myelin sheath -
1. schwann cell enevelops an axon
2. it then rotates around the axon, wrapping its plasma membrane around in successive layers
3. schwann cell cytoplasm forced b/w the membranes
4. the tight membrane wrappings form the sheath

25
Q

myellin sheath

A
  • fatty white substance
  • surrounds long and large diameter axons
  • protects, insulates, increases speed of signal
26
Q

oligiodendrocytes

A

maintain and generate myelin sheath

27
Q

Microglial cells

A
  • most prominent immune cell in CNS
  • first to respond when something goes wrong in the brain
  • performs phagocytic function to get rid of neuron debris
  • thorny processes
28
Q

ependymal cells

A
  • forms ependyma - thin membrane that lines the ventircles of the brain and central column of SC
  • main function - secrete, circulate & maintain homeostasis of CSF

BMC (10 decks)

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