lecture 1

Question 1

Contraindications of stretching

Answer 1

Bony block
Recent fracture
Rheumatoid arthritis/ tissue healing that = disrupted
Sharp, acute pain w/ joint mvt/musc elongation
Hematoma/oth indication of tissue trauma observed
Hypermobility
Shortened tissues needed

Question 2

Precautions of stretching

Answer 2

Don’t force beyond normal range
Caution w/ osteoporosis
Protect newly united fractures
Avoid vigorous stretching
Progress gradually
Avoid stretching edematous tissue

Question 3

ICF model

Answer 3

Question 4

Benefits of ex

Answer 4

• All‐cause mortality
• Cardiovascular disease mortality
• incident hypertension
• incident site‐specific cancers
• incident type‐2 diabetes
• mental health (reduced symptoms of anxiety and depression)
• Cognitive health and sleep
• Measures of adiposity may also improve

Question 5

PAG recommended aerobic activity (18-64)

Answer 5

150-300 min (mod)

75-150 min (vig)

Question 6

PAG recommended strength training (18-64)

Answer 6

2/more days of mod (or greater)

Question 7

What is necessary for mvt?

Answer 7

Mobility
Stability
Controlled mobility
Skill

Question 8

What is mobility?

Answer 8

Functional range through which to move and ability to initiate and sustain active mvt through range (passive, active)

Question 9

Mobility depends on:

Answer 9

Joint and musc ROM

Question 10

Joint vs musc ROM

Answer 10

J: ability to roll and glide, extensibility of CT (passive)

M: func musc fr lengthened to shorten pos, extensibility of musc tendon unit

Question 11

Types of dec passive mobility

Answer 11

Contracture: resistance to passive stretch (shorten)

Adaptive shortening: shorten –> stiffness/ resistance to passive mvt

Question 12

What causes contractures?

Answer 12

Surgery, injury, immobilization, remodeling CT

Question 13

T/F: stretching helps w/ contractures

Answer 13

F: doesn’t (resistive to stretch)

Question 14

What causes adaptive shortening?

Answer 14

Immobilization/ sustained changes in posture

Question 15

Wolff’s law

Answer 15

“use it or lose it”

Question 16

Consequences of dec ROM

Answer 16

Pain in inflexible tissues

Early compression across joint -> pain and degen changes

Compensatory hyper mobility and degen changes in adjacent joint

Faulty biomech and overworked tissues must overcome resistance of tight tissues

Question 17

Common interventions for mobility impairments

Answer 17

Stretching

ROM (PROM, AAROM, AROM)

Joint mobilizations

Neuromobilization

Question 18

To inc flexibility, what do you need to inc extensibility of?

Answer 18

Musc tendon unit and periarticular CT

Question 19

T/F: joint mobiliz = best for periarticular CT

Answer 19

T

Question 20

Impairments involving joint ROM what techniques should you use?

Answer 20

Joint mobiliz before stretching

Question 21

Indications for stretching

Answer 21

Red ROM 2/2 contractures -> func lim

Red ROM -> structural deformities (preventable)

Weak/shorten opposing tissue -> lim ROM

Total fitness - red risk injury

Question 22

Preparing for stretch

Answer 22

Review goals, indic, contraindic

Select technique

Warm up w/ heat/low intensity ex

Assume comfortable stable pos

Explain procedure

Expose area

Question 23

What are the types of stretching?

Answer 23

Static
Ballistic
Dynamic
PNF

Question 24

Static stretch

Answer 24

Relax pos
Gentle stretch
Hold 15-60 sec (120-180)
Relax (repeat)

Question 25

After stretch:

Answer 25

Use cold to cool in lengthened pos and reduce discomfort

Strengthen in new range