Lecture 1 Flashcards
2
Q
What is Physiology?
A
Physiology is the study of how the different parts of the body function, how they work synchronously to maintain a stable internal environment aka homeostasis
3
Q
11 Systems
A
Integumentary System Nervous system Respiratory System Muscular System Skeletal System Cardiovascular System Digestive System Reproductive System Endocrine System Lymphatic System Urinary System
4
Q
Integumentary System
A
Structures
- Skin, hair, sweat, and oil glands Functions
- Forms the external body covering
- Protects deeper tissure from injury
- Involved in Vit D synthesis
- Prevents desiccation, heat loss, and pathogen entry
- Site of pain and pressure receptors
5
Q
Skeletal System
A
Structures
- 206 bones of the body Functions
- Protects and supports body organs
- Provides a framework that muscles
- can use to create movement
- Hemopoiesis - synthesis of blood cells
- Mineral storage (bone contains 99% of the body’s store of calcium
6
Q
Muscular System
A
Structures
- 600+ muscles of the body Functions
- Locomotion
- Maintaining posture
- Thermogenesis- generation of heat
7
Q
Nervous System
A
Structures
- Brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves Functions
- Fast-acting control system of the body
- Monitoring of the internal and external environment and responding (when necessary) by initiating muscular or glandular activity
8
Q
Endocrine System
A
Structures
- Hormone-secreting glands
- Pituitary, thyroid, thymus, pineal, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, small intestine, stomach, testes, ovaries, kidneys, heart Functions
- Long-term control system of the body
- Regulates growth, reproduction, and nutrient use among other things
9
Q
Cardiovascular System
A
Structures
- Heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries) Functions
- The heart pumps blood through the blood vessels
- Blood provides the transport medium for nutrients (glucose, amino acids, lipids), gases (O2, CO2), wastes (urea, creatinine), signaling molecules (hormones) and heat
10
Q
Lymphatic & Immune System
A
Structures
- Lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, red bone marrow Functions
- Returning “leaked” fluid back to the bloodstream
- Disposal of debris
- Attacking and resisting foreign invaders (pathogens ie., disease causing organisms)
11
Q
Respiratory System
A
Structures
- Nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs Functions
- Constantly supply the blood with O2, and remove CO2
- Regulate blood pH
12
Q
Digestive System
A
Structures
- Oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, gallbladder Functions
- Ingestion and subsequent breakdown of food into absorbable units that will enter the blood for distribution to the body’s cells
13
Q
Urinary System
A
Structures
- Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladders, urethra Functions
- Removal of nitrogenous wastes
- Regulation of body’s levels of water, electrolytes, and acidity
14
Q
Reproductive System
A
Structures Males
- Testes, scrotum, epididymis, vas deferens, urethra, prostate gland, seminal vesicles, penis Females
- Ovary, uterine tube, uterus, cervis, vagina, mammary glands Functions
- Production of offspring
