Lecture 1

Question 1

What is PK

Answer 1

Pharmacokinetics. What the body does to the drug.. the fate of the molecule. ADME

Question 2

What is PD

Answer 2

Pharmacodynamics. What the drug does to the body… the biological effect/ Efficacy

Question 3

What is the A in ADME

Answer 3

Absorption. the passage of a drug from its site of administration into the systemic circulation

Question 4

What is the D is ADME

Answer 4

Distribution. the movement of drug from site of absorption to site of action and the site of metabolism or excretion

Question 5

What is the M is ADME

Answer 5

Metabolism. Irreversible alteration of drug chemistry

Question 6

What is the E is ADME

Answer 6

Excretion. Passage of drug or metabolites out of the body

Question 7

Examples of excretion in ADME

Answer 7

Renal and Biliary pathways

Question 8

Examples of Metabolism in ADME

Answer 8

Hepatic, oxidation, reduction, and conjugation

Question 9

examples of distribution in ADME

Answer 9

Perfusion, permeability, and binding

Question 10

examples of absorption is ADME

Answer 10

dosage form, site, chemical and biological interactions

Question 11

High drug concentrations is toxic or subtherapeutic?

Answer 11

Toxic

Question 12

Low drug concentrations are toxic or subtherapeutic

Answer 12

sub therapeutic

Question 13

How is whole blood obtained

Answer 13

Venous punction, contains and anticoagulant such as heparin or EDTA

Question 14

How is Serum Obtained

Answer 14

WHole blood is allowed to clot and the clot is removed

Question 15

How is plasma obtained

Answer 15

Centrifugation of nonclotted whole blood that contains an anticoagulant

Question 16

Components of whole blood

Answer 16

All the cellular and protein elements of blood

Question 17

Components of Serum

Answer 17

Does not contain cellular elements, fibrinogen or the other clotting factors

Question 18

Components of plasma

Answer 18

Noncellular liquid fraction of the whole blood, contains all the proteins and clotting factors

Question 19

What is AUC, and what does it find

Answer 19

The area under the Curve describes the exposure of drugs to the body

Question 20

What is MTC

Answer 20

Minimum toxic concentration, a Concentration that you have to be careful to not go above

Question 21

What is MEC

Answer 21

Minimum effective concentration. A concentration that you have to reach so you can see therapeutic effect

Question 22

What is a therapeutic window

Answer 22

The useful range of concentration over which a drug is therapeutically beneficial

Question 23

How should you change dosing for a drug with narrow therapeutic windows

Answer 23

Smaller and more frequent doses. A different method of administration

Question 24

How should you change dosing for a drug with a slow elimination rate

Answer 24

One large initial dose, followed by smaller doses

Question 25

What are some uses of pharmacokinetic models

Answer 25

Predicting plasma tissue and urine drug levels with any dose regimen, calculating optimum dosage regimen for each patient, estimating the possible accumulation of drugs and or metabolites, etc

Question 26

What is the one-compartment model

Answer 26

Its used to simplify mathematics by assuming drug is given by rapid intravenous injection, a bolus, and is rapidly mixed

Question 27

What is the two-compartment model

Answer 27

considering the body is a central compartment with rapid mixing and a peripheral compartment with slower distribution

Question 28

What are examples of intersubject variability for pharmacokinetics

Answer 28

metabolism, and renal function

Question 29

What are examples of intersubject variability for pharmacodynamics

Answer 29

receptor density, and underlying disease