Lecture 1

Question 1

Tissue types skin is made up of (4)

Answer 1

Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous tissues

Question 2

Function of epithelial tissue

Answer 2

Protection, forms secretory glands, lines inner passage ways and chambers

Question 3

Function of connective tissue

Answer 3

Fills internal space, stores energy, structural support, movement

Question 4

Function of muscle tissue

Answer 4

Contracts, includes skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle

Question 5

Function of nervous tissue

Answer 5

Conducts electrical impulses, carrier information

Question 6

Three layers of the skin

Answer 6

Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

Question 7

Function of epidermis

Answer 7

Primary barrier, protect underlying tissue, contains keratin (keratinocytes), avascular, epithelial tissue

Question 8

Function of dermis

Answer 8

Collagen and elastin fibres for strength, vascular

Question 9

What is the hypodermis

Answer 9

Tissues formed by adipocytes

Question 10

Simple epithelia

Answer 10

Single layer / line

Question 11

Stratified epithelia

Answer 11

Layers and row stacked on each other

Question 12

Squamous epithelia

Answer 12

Flattened / squashed cells

Question 13

Cuboidal epithelia

Answer 13

Cuboids

Question 14

Columnar epithelia

Answer 14

Tall columns / pillars

Question 15

Stratum Corneum key facts (3)

Answer 15

Made of keratin, dead dry hard cells, no nuclei

Question 16

Stratum granulosum key facts (2)

Answer 16

Contains granules that promote dehydration of cells that come up (spine), cross linking of keratin fibres secrete waxy material into intercellular spaces

Question 17

Stratum spinosum key facts (2)

Answer 17

Intercellular bridges (desmosomes) link cells together, cells become increasingly flattened as they move upwards

Question 18

Stratum basale key facts (2)

Answer 18

Contain columnar cells (stem cells that regenerate/divide), new daughter cells move upwards to replenish above layers

Question 19

Where is thin skin found

Answer 19

All parts of the body

Question 20

Where is thick skin found and what is it

Answer 20

Palms of hands and soles of feet (no hair)

Thick layer of extra epidermis (stratum lucidum)

Question 21

Dermis key facts (4)

Answer 21

Below epidermis
Anchors via hemidesmosomes
Not shed
2 layers

Question 22

What is the papillary (dermis) layer

Answer 22

Highly vascularised tissues needed for dermis and epidermis (immediately below epidermis)

Question 23

What is the reticular (dermis) layer

Answer 23

Mesh like structure, collagen and elastin fibres for strength

Question 24

What is the cutaneous plexus (dermis)

Answer 24

Network of blood vessels prenatal at junction of dermis / hypodermis at bottom of dermis

Question 25

What is the sub-papillary plexus (dermis)

Answer 25

Beaches off cutaneous plexus and travels upwards to provide more daughter cells to move upwards Network of blood vessels providing oxygen and nutrients

Question 26

What is the hypodermis

Answer 26

Subcutaneous layer, adipocytes that produce fat, store energy, mobilise fat, provide insulation (common site of injections)

Question 27

First degree burns main ideas

Answer 27

``` Most common Only outer layer of dermis Skin pink/red, dry Painful Top layer of skin peels (no blisters) Skin remains intact functionally (water replant and barrier) 3-10 days to heal ```

Question 28

Second degree burn main ideas

Answer 28

1. Normal - epidermis and some dermis, painful, moist, blisters, red, needs dressing, heal 1-2 weeks 2. Deeper - stratum granulosum get damaged, waxy white spaces exposed, hair follicle intact, may have loss of sensation and scaring, heal 1 month

Question 29

Third degree burn main ideas

Answer 29

Extend into subcutaneous tissue, may involve bone and muscle, varied colour, leathery, no pain as sensory nerve endings destroyed, may require skin grafting, wheeled to regenerate and scarring

Question 30

What is the difference between desmosomes and hemidesmosomes

Answer 30

Desmosomes - anchoring neighbouring cells within epidermis | Hemidesmosomes - anchor cells between stratum basale and dermis