Lecture 1 Flashcards
overall prevalence of PDs
9.1%
Prevalence of the clusters:
Cluster A: 5.7%
Cluster B: 1.5%
Cluster C: 6%
Characteristics of a PD (the three Ps)
Persistent, Pervasive, Pathological
Cluster A
- Codeword
- PDs included
- Prevalence
ATYPICAL 1. Paranoid 2. Schizoid 3. Schizotypal Prevalence: 5.7%
Terms for Paranoid
Paranoid; Careful; Distrust; Suspiciousness
Terms for Schizoid
Loners; Independent; Autonomous; Detachment from social relationships
Terms for Schizotypal
Eccentric; Unique; Discomfort around Social relationships; Eccentric behavior and thoughts
Cluster B
- Codeword
- PDs included
- Prevalence
BOOHOO (dramatic cluster) 1. Antisocial 2. Borderline 3. Histrionic 4. Narcissistic Prevalence: 1.5%
Terms for Antisocial
Disregard or violation of rights; they do not care about rules
Terms for Borderline
Drama queens; sensitive; instability in their self-perception; splitting; self-harm is related to self-image
Terms for Histrionic
Attention seekers; flair; being center of attention; splitting;
Terms for Narcissistic
Special; unique; wanting to be big and important; lack of empathy, overwhelming need for being special
Cluster C
- Codeword
- PDs included
- Prevalence
CAREFUL (anxious, fearful thinking and behavior) 1. Avoidant 2. Dependent 3. Obsessive-compulsive Prevalence: 6%
Terms for Avoidant
Shy; stay clear of social relationships; feelings of inadequacy; sensitive to rejection; interested in social relationships, but scared
Terms for Dependent
Clingy; loyal; submissiveness; fear of being left alone
Terms for Obsessive-Compulsive
Controlling; perfectionistic; wanting things to be neat and orderly
Gender differences among PDs
Males: antisocial PD
Females: borderline, histrionic, dependent PD
DMS: paranoid PD
- Diagnostic feature
- How many items needed?
- Prevalence
- A pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others such that their motives are interpreted as malevolent, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts
- 4/7
- between 2.3 and 4.4%; more common in males
DMS: schizoid PD
- Diagnostic feature
- How many items needed?
- Prevalence
- A pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of expression of emotions in interpersonal settings.
- 4/7
- between 3.1 and 4.9%; slightly more common in males
DMS: schizotypal PD
- Diagnostic feature
- How many items needed?
- Prevalence
- A Pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort with, and reduced capacity for, close relationships as well as by cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior.
- 5/9
- in community samples: 0.6 to 4.6%; in infrequent rates in clinical populations (0 to 1.9%), with higher estimated prevalence in general population (3.9%); slightly more common in males
DMS: antisocial PD
- Diagnostic feature
- How many items needed?
- Prevalence
- A pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others, occurring since age 15 years
- 3/7
- between 0.2 and 3.3%, highest prevalence (greater than 70%) among severe sample of males with alcohol use disorder; much more common in males
DMS: borderline PD
- Diagnostic feature
- How many items needed?
- Prevalence
- A pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity.
- 5/9
- between 1.6 and 5.9%; in primary care settings: 6%; in outpatient mental health clinics: 10%; in psychiatric inpatients: about 20%.; predominantly diagnosed in females (about 75%).
DMS: histrionic PD
- Diagnostic feature
- How many items needed?
- Prevalence
- A pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts
- 5/8
- 1.84%; more frequently diagnosed in females
DMS: narcissistic PD
- Diagnostic feature
- How many items needed?
- Prevalence
- A pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy or behavior), need for admiration, and lack of empathy
- 5/9
- estimates from 0 to 6.2%; often in males (about 50-75%)
DMS: avoidant PD
- Diagnostic feature
- How many items needed?
- Prevalence
- A pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation
- 4/7
- estimates about 2.4%; equally frequent in males and females
DMS: dependent PD
- Diagnostic feature
- How many items needed?
- Prevalence
- A pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive and clinging behavior and fears of separation
- 5/8
- estimated prevalence between 0.5 and 0.6%; more frequently diagnosed in females
DMS: obsessive-compulsive PD
- Diagnostic feature
- How many items needed?
- Prevalence
- A pervasive pattern or preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism and mental and interpersonal control, at the expense of flexibility, openness and efficiency
- 4/8
- estimates from 2.1 to 7.9%; twice as often among males
