Lect7: Enzymes and Carb Metabolism Flashcards
How many ATP molecules are generated from each Acetyl CoA in the TCA cycle and Electron Transport Chain?
Each Acetyl CoA generates 1 ATP in the TCA cycle and 11 ATP in the Electron Transport Chain.
What initiates the TCA cycle?
The TCA cycle begins with Acetyl CoA combining with oxaloacetate in the mitochondrial matrix.
How do hormonal signals regulate metabolic pathways?
Hormonal signals like insulin and glucagon regulate metabolic pathways by influencing energy balance and substrate availability.
What is the purpose of lactic fermentation?
Lactic fermentation regenerates NAD+ from NADH, allowing glycolysis to continue under anaerobic conditions.
What is the role of NADH and FADH2 in oxidative phosphorylation?
NADH and FADH2 release protons and electrons to generate ATP during oxidative phosphorylation.
What is gluconeogenesis and when is it important?
Gluconeogenesis is the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors, crucial during fasting or intense exercise.
What is the Cori Cycle?
The Cori Cycle is a metabolic pathway where lactate produced in muscles is converted back to glucose in the liver.
Where does glycolysis occur and why is it important?
Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm and is crucial for energy production, especially under low oxygen conditions.
What are the energy carriers produced in the TCA cycle?
The TCA cycle produces 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, and 1 GTP/ATP, releasing 2 CO2.
What is the central role of Acetyl CoA in energy metabolism?
Acetyl CoA is a key molecule in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fatty acids, and amino acids, crucial for ATP production.
What is glycogen and where is it stored?
Glycogen is a temporary storage form of glucose, synthesized and broken down in the liver and muscle.
