Lect1: Class activity

Question 1

Identify PK

Answer 1

• a metabolic enzyme’s effect on a certain drug
• how long a drug stays in the body

Question 2

Identify PD

Answer 2

• a certain drug’s effect on a metabolic enzyme
• the activity of a drug in the body

Question 3

In a study, researchers determined the drug concentration at the site of action and the resulting pharmacological response. The main aim of the study was to determine if a relationship existed between the drug concentration and the pharmacological response. This study is an example of:

Answer 3

a pharmacodynamic study

Question 4

A patient was given an oral dose of Tylenol for his sore throat. He might ask “How will the drug get from mouth to my sore throat”? If you were the pharmacist, what would be your answer?

Answer 4

The drug is absorbed into the bloodstream through the stomach and intestines, then carried to different parts of the body, including the throat to reduce inflammation and pain.

Question 5

Drug distribution:

Answer 5

• is a process by which the drug reaches it site of action
• after drug entry into the systemic circulation, drug reaches other tissues by distribution

Question 6

True or false:
Once a drug is distributed to different tissues, it cannot re-enter the systemic circulation?

Answer 6

False

Question 7

True or false:
Distribution is the process by which a drug is permanently removed from the body?

Answer 7

False; elimination

Question 8

Drug eliminaton:

Answer 8

• removal of drugs from the body
• includes both drug excretion and metabolism
• is (generally) an irreversible process

Question 9

The study of drug distribution and elimination is called?

Answer 9

pharmacokinetics (PK)

Question 10

Measurement of drug concentration is:

Answer 10

the concentration of a drug at the target site that is related to drug response

Question 11

MEC and MTC

Answer 11

MEC: minimum effective concentration
MTC: minimum toxic concentration

Question 12

Cmax:

Answer 12

peak concentration level

Question 13

Tmax:

Answer 13

time for Cmax

Question 14

Onset time:

Answer 14

time to reach MEC

Question 15

Duration:

Answer 15

difference between onset time and time for the drug to decline back to MEC

Question 16

Which of the following statement is/are true about compartment models:

Answer 16

• different organs that have similar drug distribution are group together into one compartment
• the drug is considered to be uniformly distributed within the compartment
• drug can be eliminated from a compartment model
• mixing of the drug within the compartment is considered instantaneous
• faster the drug distribution process, lesser is the number of compartments needed to describe the plasma concentration time profile of a drug

Question 17

What are the assumptions for a one-compartment model?

Answer 17

• the entire body acts as a single compartment
• the drug rapidly equilibrates with all of the tissues in the body
• first order elimination

Question 18

Higher clearance leads to:

Answer 18

lower plasma concentrations

Question 19

Rate of elimination equation is

Answer 19

RE= CL * C

Question 20

Clinical trials:

Answer 20

• phase II determines drug pharmacokinetics
• phase II determines dose range
• phase I determines safe dose range
• phase III determines efficacy
• a drug can get approved w/out a phase IV trial

Question 21

It is important for a pharmacist to keep up w/ possible label revision in a drug newly approved. What could be the mostly possible reason?

Answer 21

warning and precautions