Lect 6. Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis Flashcards

1
Q

Spermatogenesis

(1)____ enter the testes early in development but do not develop into (2)___ until puberty.

Once active, they divide mitotically to create (3)_____.

A
  1. Primordial germ cells
  2. spermatogonia
  3. primary spermatocytes
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2
Q

Spermatogenesis

Primordial germ cells enter the testes early in development but do not develop into spermatogonia until (1)____.

→ Once active, they divide (2)_____ (mitotically/meiotically) to create primary spermatocytes.

A
  1. puberty
  2. mitotically
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3
Q

Spermatogenesis

How are primary spermatocytes formed?

A

Primordial germ cells enter the testes early in development but do not develop into spermatogonia until puberty.

→ Once active, they divide mitotically to create primary spermatocytes.

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4
Q

During Spermatogenesis

→ the first phase of meiosis produces

A

2 secondary spermatocytes.

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5
Q

During Spermatogenesis

each secondary spermatocyte completes the second phase of meiosis to form ____

A

haploid spermatids.

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6
Q

During Spermatogenesis

each (1)____ completes the second phase of (2)___ to form haploid spermatids.

A
  1. secondary spermatocyte
  2. meiosis
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7
Q

Spermatids mature into (1)___ in a process called (2)___.

A
  1. spermatozoa
  2. spermiogenesis
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8
Q

Spermiogenesis

Identify

A
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9
Q

Spermiogenesis produces ___

A

“classic” sperm cell

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10
Q

Spermiogenesis produces “classic” sperm cell

  • ___ expanding around nucleus
  • mitochondria cluster in middle piece, also called ____
  • ___ extending posteriorly from tail piece
A
  • acrosome
  • mitochondrial sheath
  • flagellum
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11
Q

In the process of Spermiogenesis, each spermatid sheds most of its cytoplasm as ___

A

residual body

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12
Q

Spermatogenesis

As spermatogonia divide and mature into (1)___, they migrate closer to (2)____; they are not open until (3)___

A
  1. spermatozoa
  2. the lumen of seminiferous tubules
  3. puberty
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13
Q

Spermatogenesis

As ____ divide and mature into spermatozoa, they migrate closer to the lumen of seminiferous tubules; they are not open until puberty

A
  1. spermatozoa
  2. the lumen of seminiferous tubules
  3. puberty
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14
Q

Identify cell 1

→ Event?

A

Spermatogonium - DNA replication

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15
Q

Identify cell 2

→ Event?

A

Primary spermatocyte - First meiotic division

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16
Q

Identify cell 3

→ Event?

A

secondary spermatocytes- Second meiotic division

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17
Q

Identify cell 4

A

Spermatids - Immature haploid gametes

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18
Q

Identify cell 5

A

Spermatozoa - Haploid gametes

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19
Q

What happen between 2 & 3?

A

First meiotic division completed

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20
Q

What happen between 3 & 4

A

Second meiotic division completed

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21
Q

What happen between 4 & 5

A

Spermiogenesis

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22
Q

Spermatogenesis

Which hormone is necessary for maturation of spermatozoa?

A

Testosterone

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23
Q

Spermatogenesis

The role of Sertoli cells

A

Sertoli cells concentrate testosterone released by nearby Leydig cells

(Testosterone necessary for maturation of spermatozoa)

24
Q

Oogenesis

(1)___ enter the ovaries early in development and develop into (2)___.

→ They divide mitotically to create (3)__

A
  1. Primordial germ cells
  2. oogonia
  3. primary oocytes.
25
Q

Primordial germ cells enter the (1)___ early in development and develop into oogonia.

→ They divide (2)____ (meiotically/mitotically) to create primary oocytes.

A
  1. ovaries
  2. mitotically
26
Q

Oogenesis

Starting from ____

→ the first phase of meiosis will produce a single secondary oocyte and the first polar body, a small residual cell with very little cytoplasm.

A

a primary oocyte

27
Q

Oogenesis

Starting from a primary oocyte

→ the first phase of meiosis will produce ___ (2)

A

a single secondary oocyte and the first polar body

28
Q

Oogenesis

What is a polar body?

A

a small residual cell with very little cytoplasm.

29
Q

Oogenesis

The second phase of meiosis will create __

A

1 mature oocyte and 3 polar bodies.

30
Q

Oogenesis

→ identify

A
31
Q

Oogenesis

→ Which one is the ovum?

A
32
Q

Which phase will produce a single secondary oocyte and the first polar body?

A

the first phase of meiosis

33
Q

Which phase will create 1 mature oocyte and 3 polar bodies?

A

The second phase of meiosis

34
Q

Follicles

Early in development, XX germ cells begin the first phase of meiosis but arrest in (1)___ forming oocytes surrounded by (2)__ of the ovary

A
  1. prophase
  2. follicular cells
35
Q

Follicles

Early in development, XX germ cells begin the first phase of meiosis but arrest in prophase forming oocytes surrounded by follicular cells of the ovary

→ together, oocyte and follicular cells create (1)___

follicular cells grow to become cuboidal in (2)___

A
  1. primordial follicle
  2. primary follicle
36
Q

Identify

A
37
Q

Follicles

As primary follicles mature, follicular cells proliferate to become stratified and secrete ____

A

a layer of glycoprotein around oocyte called zona pellucida

38
Q

Follicles

As primary follicles mature, ____ proliferate to become stratified and secrete a layer of glycoprotein around oocyte called zona pellucida

A

follicular cells

39
Q

Follicles

As ___ mature, follicular cells proliferate to become stratified and secrete a layer of glycoprotein around oocyte called zona pellucida

A

primary follicles

40
Q

Follicles

During each (1)___, several primary oocytes grow larger and follicular cells surrounding them; proliferate to become (2)____

A
  1. menstrual cycle
  2. granulosa cells
41
Q

Follicles

During each menstrual cycle, several ____ grow larger and follicular cells surrounding them; proliferate to become granulosa cells

A

primary oocytes

42
Q

Follicles

During each menstrual cycle, several primary oocytes grow larger and ___ surrounding them; proliferate to become granulosa cells

A

follicular cells

43
Q

IDENTIFY

A
44
Q

Secondary follicle

→ Identify

A

Small fluid- filled lacunae

45
Q

Follicles

At this point, the follicle grows so large that (1)___ develop within granulosa cells and whole assembly is (2)___

A
  1. fluid-filled lacunae
  2. secondary follicle
46
Q

Follicles

At this point, the follicle grows so large that fluid-filled lacunae develop within ___ and whole assembly is secondary follicle

A

granulosa cells

47
Q

Follicles

As secondary follicles mature, lacunae fuse to form (1)___

→ the follicular cells that remain in contact with oocyte are called (2)___

A
  1. follicular antrum
  2. cumulus oophorus
48
Q

Follicles

What is cumulus oophorus?

A

the follicular cells that remain in contact with oocyte

49
Q

Maturing secondary follicle

Identify

A
50
Q

Graafian follicle

Prior to (1)____, the follicular antrum enlarges, creating mature (2)____

A
  1. ovulation
  2. Graafian follicle
51
Q

Graafian follicle

Prior to ovulation, ____ enlarges, creating mature Graafian follicle;

A

the follicular antrum

52
Q

Graafian follicle

→ (1)___ is a connective tissue layer that connects the follicle to the rest of ovary; just inside that layer is the (2)____ secreting hormones that affect the oocyte

A
  1. theca externa
  2. theca interna
53
Q

Graafian follicle

What is theca externa?

A

a connective tissue layer that connects the follicle to the rest of ovary

54
Q

Graafian follicle

→ The role of theca interna

A

secreting hormones that affect the oocyte

55
Q

IDENTIFY

A
56
Q

During each menstrual cycle, how many follicles reach full maturity?

A

ONLY 1

(**During each menstrual cycle, several follicles begin maturing but typically only 1 reaches full maturity)