Lect 6. Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis

Question 1

Spermatogenesis

(1)____ enter the testes early in development but do not develop into (2)___ until puberty.

Once active, they divide mitotically to create (3)_____.

Answer 1

1. Primordial germ cells
2. spermatogonia
3. primary spermatocytes

Question 2

Spermatogenesis

Primordial germ cells enter the testes early in development but do not develop into spermatogonia until (1)____.

→ Once active, they divide (2)_____ (mitotically/meiotically) to create primary spermatocytes.

Answer 2

1. puberty
2. mitotically

Question 3

Spermatogenesis

How are primary spermatocytes formed?

Answer 3

Primordial germ cells enter the testes early in development but do not develop into spermatogonia until puberty.

→ Once active, they divide mitotically to create primary spermatocytes.

Question 4

During Spermatogenesis

→ the first phase of meiosis produces

Answer 4

2 secondary spermatocytes.

Question 5

During Spermatogenesis

→ each secondary spermatocyte completes the second phase of meiosis to form ____

Answer 5

haploid spermatids.

Question 6

During Spermatogenesis

→ each (1)____ completes the second phase of (2)___ to form haploid spermatids.

Answer 6

1. secondary spermatocyte
2. meiosis

Question 7

Spermatids mature into (1)___ in a process called (2)___.

Answer 7

1. spermatozoa
2. spermiogenesis

Question 8

Spermiogenesis

→ Identify

Answer 8

Question 9

Spermiogenesis produces ___

Answer 9

“classic” sperm cell

Question 10

Spermiogenesis produces “classic” sperm cell

• ___ expanding around nucleus
• mitochondria cluster in middle piece, also called ____
• ___ extending posteriorly from tail piece

Answer 10

• acrosome
• mitochondrial sheath
• flagellum

Question 11

In the process of Spermiogenesis, each spermatid sheds most of its cytoplasm as ___

Answer 11

residual body

Question 12

Spermatogenesis

As spermatogonia divide and mature into (1)___, they migrate closer to (2)____; they are not open until (3)___

Answer 12

1. spermatozoa
2. the lumen of seminiferous tubules
3. puberty

Question 13

Spermatogenesis

As ____ divide and mature into spermatozoa, they migrate closer to the lumen of seminiferous tubules; they are not open until puberty

Answer 13

1. spermatozoa
2. the lumen of seminiferous tubules
3. puberty

Question 14

Identify cell 1

→ Event?

Answer 14

Spermatogonium - DNA replication

Question 15

Identify cell 2

→ Event?

Answer 15

Primary spermatocyte - First meiotic division

Question 16

Identify cell 3

→ Event?

Answer 16

secondary spermatocytes- Second meiotic division

Question 17

Identify cell 4

Answer 17

Spermatids - Immature haploid gametes

Question 18

Identify cell 5

Answer 18

Spermatozoa - Haploid gametes

Question 19

What happen between 2 & 3?

Answer 19

First meiotic division completed

Question 20

What happen between 3 & 4

Answer 20

Second meiotic division completed

Question 21

What happen between 4 & 5

Answer 21

Spermiogenesis

Question 22

Spermatogenesis

Which hormone is necessary for maturation of spermatozoa?

Answer 22

Testosterone

Question 23

Spermatogenesis

The role of Sertoli cells

Answer 23

Sertoli cells concentrate testosterone released by nearby Leydig cells

(Testosterone necessary for maturation of spermatozoa)

Question 24

Oogenesis

(1)___ enter the ovaries early in development and develop into (2)___.

→ They divide mitotically to create (3)__

Answer 24

1. Primordial germ cells
2. oogonia
3. primary oocytes.

Question 25

**Primordial germ cells** enter the (1)\_\_\_ early in development and develop into **oogonia**. → They divide (2)\_\_\_\_ (meiotically/mitotically) to create **primary oocytes.**

Answer 25

1. ovaries 2. mitotically

Question 26

**Oogenesis** Starting from \_\_\_\_ → the first phase of meiosis will produce a single **secondary oocyte** and the first **polar body**, a small residual cell with very little cytoplasm.

Answer 26

a primary oocyte

Question 27

**Oogenesis** Starting from a primary oocyte → the first phase of meiosis will produce ___ (2)

Answer 27

a single **secondary oocyte** and the first **polar body**

Question 28

**Oogenesis** What is a polar body?

Answer 28

a small residual cell with very little cytoplasm.

Question 29

**Oogenesis** The second phase of meiosis will create \_\_

Answer 29

1 **mature oocyte** and 3 polar bodies.

Question 30

**Oogenesis** **→ identify**

Answer 30

Question 31

**Oogenesis** → Which one is the ovum?

Answer 31

Question 32

Which phase will produce a single **secondary oocyte** and the first **polar body?**

Answer 32

the first phase of meiosis

Question 33

Which phase will create 1 **mature oocyte** and 3 polar bodies?

Answer 33

The second phase of meiosis

Question 34

**Follicles** Early in development, XX germ cells begin the first phase of meiosis but arrest in (1)\_\_\_ forming oocytes surrounded by (2)\_\_ of the ovary

Answer 34

1. prophase 2. **follicular cells**

Question 35

**Follicles** Early in development, XX germ cells begin the first phase of meiosis but arrest in prophase forming oocytes surrounded by **follicular cells** of the ovary → together, oocyte and follicular cells create (1)\_\_\_ **→** follicular cells grow to become cuboidal in (2)\_\_\_

Answer 35

1. **primordial follicle** 2. **primary follicle**

Question 36

Identify

Answer 36

Question 37

**Follicles** As primary follicles mature, follicular cells proliferate to become stratified and secrete \_\_\_\_

Answer 37

a layer of glycoprotein around oocyte called **zona pellucida**

Question 38

**Follicles** As primary follicles mature, ____ proliferate to become stratified and secrete a layer of glycoprotein around oocyte called **zona pellucida**

Answer 38

follicular cells

Question 39

**Follicles** As ___ mature, follicular cells proliferate to become stratified and secrete a layer of glycoprotein around oocyte called **zona pellucida**

Answer 39

primary follicles

Question 40

**Follicles** During each (1)\_\_\_, several primary oocytes grow larger and follicular cells surrounding them; proliferate to become (2)\_\_\_\_

Answer 40

1. menstrual cycle 2. **granulosa cells**

Question 41

**Follicles** During each menstrual cycle, several ____ grow larger and follicular cells surrounding them; proliferate to become **granulosa cells**

Answer 41

primary oocytes

Question 42

**Follicles** During each menstrual cycle, several primary oocytes grow larger and ___ surrounding them; proliferate to become **granulosa cells**

Answer 42

follicular cells

Question 43

IDENTIFY

Answer 43

Question 44

**Secondary follicle** → Identify

Answer 44

Small fluid- filled lacunae

Question 45

**Follicles** At this point, the follicle grows so large that (1)\_\_\_ develop within granulosa cells and whole assembly is (2)\_\_\_

Answer 45

1. fluid-filled **lacunae** 2. **secondary follicle**

Question 46

**Follicles** At this point, the follicle grows so large that fluid-filled **lacunae** develop within ___ and whole assembly is **secondary follicle**

Answer 46

granulosa cells

Question 47

**Follicles** As secondary follicles mature, lacunae fuse to form (1)\_\_\_ → the follicular cells that remain in contact with oocyte are called (2)\_\_\_

Answer 47

1. **follicular antrum** 2. **cumulus oophorus**

Question 48

**Follicles** What is **cumulus oophorus?**

Answer 48

the follicular cells that remain in contact with oocyte

Question 49

**Maturing secondary follicle** **→** Identify

Answer 49

Question 50

**Graafian follicle** Prior to (1)\_\_\_\_, the follicular antrum enlarges, creating mature (2)\_\_\_\_

Answer 50

1. ovulation 2. **Graafian follicle**

Question 51

**Graafian follicle** Prior to ovulation, ____ enlarges, creating mature **Graafian follicle**;

Answer 51

the follicular antrum

Question 52

**Graafian follicle** **→ (1)\_\_\_** is a connective tissue layer that connects the follicle to the rest of ovary; just inside that layer is the (2)\_\_\_\_ secreting hormones that affect the oocyte

Answer 52

1. **theca externa** 2. **theca interna**

Question 53

**Graafian follicle** **→** What is **theca externa?**

Answer 53

a connective tissue layer that connects the follicle to the rest of ovary

Question 54

**Graafian follicle** → The role of theca interna

Answer 54

secreting hormones that affect the oocyte

Question 55

IDENTIFY

Answer 55

Question 56

During each menstrual cycle, how many follicles reach full maturity?

Answer 56

ONLY 1 *(**During each menstrual cycle, several follicles begin maturing but typically only 1 reaches full maturity)*