Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology II > Lect 6 adrenergic stimulants > Flashcards

Lect 6 adrenergic stimulants Flashcards

1
Q

What is Phenylephrine (Neofrin; Neo-Synephrine)? what does it cause?

A

α1 selective agonist

  1. vasoconstriction: increases peripheral vascular resistance -> BP increases -> reflex slowing of HR
    • use for hypotensive emergency
  2. vasoconstriction in nasal mucosa makes it an effective decongestant
    • ​​rebound effect possible
  3. mydriasis and may be used topically to dilate the eye for examination, without affecting accommodation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)

A

alpha agonist

  • decongestant
  • *use caution in patients with hypertension, as may increase blood pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are Xylometazoline (Otrivin) and Oxymetazoline (Afrin)? Function?

A
  • direct acting alpha agonists
  • topical nasal spray: decrease congestion
    • rebound effect occurs if used chronically, as receptors will down-regulate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are Tetrahydrozoline (Visine) and Naphazoline (Clear Eyes)

A

direct acting alpha agonist

  • decrease redness by causing vasoconstriction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

topical alpha agonists are contraindicated in what conditions

A
  • narrow angle glaucoma
  • HTN
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

MOA of Clonidine (Catapres)?

A

selective α2 agonist, which acts in the brain

  • stimulation of α2 receptors on presynaptic terminals in the CNS decreases the release of NE, and other transmitters, reducing overall sympathetic output to the periphery, and producing CNS depression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is Clonidine (Catapres) used for clinically? Route of administration?

A
  • oral; transdermal patch
  • reduced sympathetic tone leads to a decrease in blood pressure: treat HTN
  • decreases craving for addicts in recovery
  • may decrease hot flashes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Clonidine (Catapres) side effects

A
  • dry mouth, sedation, sexual dysfunction
  • hypertension may occur if the drug is withdrawn abruptly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What drug class are Methyldopa (Aldomet), Guanabenz (Wytensin) and Guanfacine (Tenex)? Main clinical use?

A
  • alpha 2 agonists
  • HTN
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What drug class are Apraclonidine (Iopidine) and Brimonidine (Alphagan) in? Main clinical use?

A
  • alpha 2 agonist
  • used in the eye to decrease intraocular pressure and treat glaucoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What drug class is Tizanidine (Zanaflex) in? Main clinical function?

A
  • α2 agonist
  • muscle relaxant; reducing muscle spasticity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

describe that effect that alpha 2 agonists have on the eye

A
  • decrease cAMP in ciliary body -> decrease production of aqueous humor
  • vasoconstriction in eye -> increases outflow of aqueous humor
  • prolonged alpha stimulation increases prostaglandins -> increasing outflow of aqueous humor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What drug class is Isoproterenol (Isuprel) in? Clinical use?

A
  • selective β1 and β2 agonist
  • B1: Inc rate and contractility of heart
  • B2: vasodilation of skeletal muscle and renal vascular bed
    • systolic pressure may rise initially due to increased cardiac output, but dilation of skeletal blood vessels will lead to a decrease in blood pressure, with a reflex increase in heart rate
  • used in emergency treatment for cardiac arrest and complete heart block
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

large doses of Isoproterenol (Isuprel) can cause

A
  • palpitations
  • sinus tachycardia
  • arrhythmia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What drug class is Dobutamine in? What is it used for clinically?

A
  • selective beta 1 agonist
  • positive inotrope: increase contractility
  1. cardiac stress test
  2. increases cardiac output in shock and congestive heart failure
  • in hypertensive patients, BP may increase if given too quickly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What drug class is albuterol in? main clinical use?

A
  • beta 2 agonist
  • inhaled for treatment of asthma
17
Q

Side effects of albuterol

A
  • tremor, tachycardia, palpitations
  • HA common with systemic administration
18
Q

What drug class is Mirabegron (Myrbetriq) in? Clinical use?

A
  • beta 3 agonist
  • treatment of patients with overactive bladder (OAB)
19
Q

adverse effects of Mirabegron (Myrbetriq)

A
  • HTN
  • sinus tachycardia
20
Q

Low doses of Dopamine (Intropin) cause? High doses cause?

A
  • low doses : activate D1 receptors in renal vascular beds, causing vasodilation and increasing renal blood flow, increases GFR
  • High doses: similar to epinephrine:
    • stimulates β1 receptors in the heart, producing a positive inotropic and chronotropic effect (inc HR)
    • cause release of norepinephrine and stimulate α1 receptors, causing vasoconstriction and increasing blood pressure
21
Q

clinical use of Dopamine (Intropin)

A
  • sometimes given intravenously to treat cardiac shock, as it will increase cardiac output without causing vasoconstriction
22
Q

what drug class is Fenoldopam (Corlopam) in? clinical use?

A
  • more selective D1 agonist
  • causes dilation of vascular beds, decreasing blood pressure
  • main use is to produce rapid decrease of blood pressure in severe hypertension
23
Q

MOA of amphetamine

A
  • indirect-acting drug that increases release of NE from neurons, especially in the CNS (brain)
24
Q

What effect does amphetamine have on CNS?

A
  • CNS stimulant
    • alertness, euphoria, insomnia, decreased appetite, increased motor activity
    • possible psychosis
25
Q

What effect does amphetamine have on peripheral system

A
  • tachycardia
  • hypertension
26
Q

side effects of amphetamine

A
  • HA, dizziness, palpitations, agitation, confusion, delirium
  • cerebral hemorrhage, convulsions and coma may occur at high doses
27
Q

What drug class is methylphenidate (Ritalin) in? clinical use?

A
  • Indirect-acting Sympathomimetics
  • decreases hyperactivity in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
28
Q

MOA of cocaine

A
  • Indirect-acting Sympathomimetics
  • inhibits re-uptake of DA and NE into nerve terminals
  • effect is similar to that of amphetamine, but shorter acting and more intense
29
Q

adverse effects of cocaine

A
  • severe hypertension and stroke in otherwise healthy young adults
  • often causes tachycardia, may cause arrhythmias and myocardial infarction
  • long-term use may cause psychosis
30
Q

clinical use for cocaine

A
  • cocaine is a powerful vasoconstrictor, and is sometimes used for nasopharyngeal surgery to decrease blood flow and produce local anesthesia
31
Q

MOA of Tyramine

A
  • Indirect-acting Sympathomimetics
  • increases NE release from nerve terminals
    • displaces NE from vesicle, forms false transmitter- octopamine
32
Q

repeated application of Tyramine causes

A
  • Tachyplyaxis: rapidly diminishing response to successive doses of a drug, rendering it less effective.
33
Q

Metabolism of Tyramine

A

monoamine oxidase (MAO)

34
Q

Tyramine use should be limited in patients on what drug

A
  • in patients treated for depression with monoamine oxidase inhibitors, ingestion of large amounts of tyramine may cause a severe hypertensive crisis!

Pharmacology II (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions