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Pharmacology II > autonomic pharm > Flashcards

autonomic pharm Flashcards

1
Q

describe the parasympathetic nervous pathway

A
  • preganglionic fibers secretes acetycholine onto nicotinic receptor
  • post-ganglionic fiber secretes acetycholine on muscarinic receptor on target organ
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2
Q

in the parasympathetic nervous pathway, where do preganglionic fibers originate from?

A

cranial and sacral areas

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3
Q

in the sympathetic nervous pathway, where do preganglionic fibers originate from?

A

thoracic and lumbar

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4
Q

in the sympathetic nervous system, pre ganglionic fibers release what neurotransmitter?

A

acetylcholine

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5
Q

in the sympathetic nervous system, post ganglionic fibers release what neurotransmitters?

A
  • NE
  • ACh
  • Epi
  • Dopamine
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6
Q

sympathetic innervation to sweat glands is done via what neurotransmitter?

A

acetylcholine

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7
Q

innervation of adrenal medulla is done via what neurotransmitter?

A

acetylcholine

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8
Q

adrenal medulla releases what neurotransmitters?

A
  • NE
  • epi
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9
Q

how is acetylcholine synthesized?

A

choline + aceytl CoA —ChAT–> acetylcholine

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10
Q

how and where is acetylcholine inactivated?

A

inactivated by acetyl-cholinesterase in the synaptic cleft

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11
Q

how is Norepinephrine synthesized?

A
  1. tyrosine enters nerve terminal
  2. tyrosine -> DOPA -> dopamine -> NE
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12
Q

function of Metyrosine

A

blocks DOPA synthesis

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13
Q

function of Reserpine

A

depletes NE in vesicle

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14
Q

function of cocaine

A

block reuptake of NE

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15
Q

NE is metabolized by what two compounds?

A
  • MAO
  • COMT
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16
Q

NE and epinephrine are metabolized by MAO and COMT to form what metabolite

A

VMA

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17
Q

dopamine is metaoblized by MAO and COMT to form what compound

A

HVA (homovanillic acid)

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18
Q

name the cholinergic receptors

A
  • M1
  • M2
  • M3
  • Nicotinic
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19
Q

the cholinergic receptors M1 is found where?

A
  • sweat glands
    • Sympathetic
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20
Q

the cholinergic receptors M2 is found where?

A
  • heart
  • presynaptic
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21
Q

the cholinergic receptors M3 is found where?

A
  • lungs
  • smooth muscle
  • endothelium
  • **everywhere! think driving GI activity and driver of parasympathetic
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22
Q

M1 cholinergic receptor activates what G protein

A

Gq

  • PLC-> IP3 + DAG
    • increases calcium influx
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23
Q

M2 cholinergic receptor activates what G protein

A
  • Gi
  • inhibits adenylyl cyclase and cAMP
    • **makes heart beat slower
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24
Q

M3 cholinergic receptor activates what G protein

A

Gq

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25
Q

Nicotinic cholinergic receptors are on what channels

A
  • Na+ channel
  • NN
  • NM
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26
Q

alpha1 adrengergic receptors are found in what structures? What is the primary function

A
  • smooth muscle
  • function: Vasoconstrict!
27
Q

alpha1 adrengergic receptors activates what G protein

28
Q

alpha2 adrengergic receptors are located in what structures?

A
  • presynaptic nerve terminals
  • some smooth muscle
29
Q

alpha2 adrengergic receptors activate what G protein

A

Gi

  • inhibit adenylyl cyclase
30
Q

beta adrenergic receptors stimulate what G protein

A

Gs

  • activate adenylyl cyclase
31
Q

function of beta 1 adrengergic receptors

A
  • increases heart rate and force
32
Q

location of beta 2 adrengergic receptors

A
  • bronchioles
  • smooth muscle in skeletal blood vessels
  • heart
33
Q

location of beta 3 adrengergic receptors

A

lipolysis in fat cells

34
Q

D1 and D5 dopamine receptors have what effect on cAMP

A

increase cAMP

35
Q

continual or repetitive stimulation with an agonist may have what effect on receptor regulation?

A

down regulation

36
Q

lack of stimulation may have what effect on receptor regulation?

A
  • up regulation
  • cause receptor number of affinity to increase
37
Q

blood vessels and sweat glands only have what innervation?

A

sympathetic

38
Q

function of M2 receptor activation in heart

A

decreases heart rate and conduction

  • parasympathetic
39
Q

function of M3 receptor activation in lungs?

A

bronchoconstriction

40
Q

function of B1 receptor activation in heart?

A
  • increase heart rate, AV conduction and contractility
  • sympathetic
41
Q

function of B2 receptor activation in BV, and lungs?

A
  • relax bronchioles
  • relax blood vessels to skeletal muscles
  • sympathetic
42
Q

function of a1 receptor activation in BV?

A

constrict most blood vessels

  • sympathetic
43
Q

function of M3 receptor activation in glands ?

A
  • increase salivary and lacrimal secretion
44
Q

function of M3 receptor activation in eyes?

A
  • miosis
  • near vision accomodation
  • parasympathetic
45
Q

function of M1 receptor activation in glands ?

A

sweating

  • sympathetic
46
Q

activation of what receptor increases salivation in sympathetic innervation

A

alpha receptor

47
Q

activation of what receptor results in mydriasis in sympathetic innervation

A

alpha receptor

48
Q

activation of what receptor causes nasal vasoconstriction in sympathetic innervation

A

alpha receptor

49
Q

function of M3 receptor activation in GI

A
  • stimulates GI contraction
  • relaxes pyloric sphincter
  • increases gastic acid secretion
  • **parasympathetic
50
Q

which receptor(s) are responsible for relaxation of the GI tract

A

alpha2 and beta2

51
Q

function of B2 receptor activation in GI tract

A
  • relax GI tract
  • increase glycogenolysis in liver
52
Q

function of M3 receptor activation in GU system

A
  • contract bladder wall and relax sphincters
53
Q

activation of what receptors promote erection?

A
  • parasympathetic activation of M3 receptors
54
Q

activation of what receptors cause ejaculation?

A
  • sympathetic innervation of a1 receptors
55
Q

Which receptor activation increases renin

56
Q

Which receptor causes relaxation of the bladder wall and uterus upon activation

57
Q

what happens to vision when ciliary muscle contracts?

A
  • lens becomes rounder
  • near vision
58
Q

what happens to vision when ciliary muscle relaxes?

A
  • lens flattens
  • far vision
59
Q

activation of what receptors constrict the ciliary muscle?

A

muscarinic receptors

60
Q

sympathetic stimulation of what receptor has what effect on size of pupil?

A
  • alpha receptor
  • iris is pulled open and pupil is dilated
61
Q

parasympathetic stimulation of what receptor has what effect on size of pupil?

A
  • M3 receptor
  • constrict pupil
62
Q

muscarinic receptor stimulation has what effect on intraoccular pressure?

A

decreases

  • causes contraction of ciliary muscle and increases outflow of aqueous humor into the canal of schlemm
63
Q

alpha adrenergic receptor stimulation has what effect on intraoccular pressure?

A
  • decreases intraocular pressure
  • alpha receptor activation causes mydriasis (pupil dilation)
64
Q

beta adrenergic receptor stimulation has what effect on intraoccular pressure?

A

increase production of aqueous humor and intraocular pressure

Pharmacology II (9 decks)

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