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Pharmacology II > autonomic pharm > Flashcards

autonomic pharm Flashcards

1
Q

describe the parasympathetic nervous pathway

A
  • preganglionic fibers secretes acetycholine onto nicotinic receptor
  • post-ganglionic fiber secretes acetycholine on muscarinic receptor on target organ
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2
Q

in the parasympathetic nervous pathway, where do preganglionic fibers originate from?

A

cranial and sacral areas

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3
Q

in the sympathetic nervous pathway, where do preganglionic fibers originate from?

A

thoracic and lumbar

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4
Q

in the sympathetic nervous system, pre ganglionic fibers release what neurotransmitter?

A

acetylcholine

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5
Q

in the sympathetic nervous system, post ganglionic fibers release what neurotransmitters?

A
  • NE
  • ACh
  • Epi
  • Dopamine
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6
Q

sympathetic innervation to sweat glands is done via what neurotransmitter?

A

acetylcholine

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7
Q

innervation of adrenal medulla is done via what neurotransmitter?

A

acetylcholine

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8
Q

adrenal medulla releases what neurotransmitters?

A
  • NE
  • epi
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9
Q

how is acetylcholine synthesized?

A

choline + aceytl CoA —ChAT–> acetylcholine

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10
Q

how and where is acetylcholine inactivated?

A

inactivated by acetyl-cholinesterase in the synaptic cleft

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11
Q

how is Norepinephrine synthesized?

A
  1. tyrosine enters nerve terminal
  2. tyrosine -> DOPA -> dopamine -> NE
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12
Q

function of Metyrosine

A

blocks DOPA synthesis

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13
Q

function of Reserpine

A

depletes NE in vesicle

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14
Q

function of cocaine

A

block reuptake of NE

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15
Q

NE is metabolized by what two compounds?

A
  • MAO
  • COMT
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16
Q

NE and epinephrine are metabolized by MAO and COMT to form what metabolite

A

VMA

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17
Q

dopamine is metaoblized by MAO and COMT to form what compound

A

HVA (homovanillic acid)

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18
Q

name the cholinergic receptors

A
  • M1
  • M2
  • M3
  • Nicotinic
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19
Q

the cholinergic receptors M1 is found where?

A
  • sweat glands
    • Sympathetic
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20
Q

the cholinergic receptors M2 is found where?

A
  • heart
  • presynaptic
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21
Q

the cholinergic receptors M3 is found where?

A
  • lungs
  • smooth muscle
  • endothelium
  • **everywhere! think driving GI activity and driver of parasympathetic
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22
Q

M1 cholinergic receptor activates what G protein

A

Gq

  • PLC-> IP3 + DAG
    • increases calcium influx
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23
Q

M2 cholinergic receptor activates what G protein

A
  • Gi
  • inhibits adenylyl cyclase and cAMP
    • **makes heart beat slower
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24
Q

M3 cholinergic receptor activates what G protein

A

Gq

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25
Nicotinic cholinergic receptors are on what channels
* Na+ channel * NN * NM
26
alpha1 adrengergic receptors are found in what structures? What is the primary function
* smooth muscle * function: Vasoconstrict!
27
alpha1 adrengergic receptors activates what G protein
Gq
28
alpha2 adrengergic receptors are located in what structures?
* presynaptic nerve terminals * some smooth muscle
29
alpha2 adrengergic receptors activate what G protein
Gi * inhibit adenylyl cyclase
30
beta adrenergic receptors stimulate what G protein
Gs * activate adenylyl cyclase
31
function of beta 1 adrengergic receptors
* increases heart rate and force
32
location of beta 2 adrengergic receptors
* bronchioles * smooth muscle in skeletal blood vessels * heart
33
location of beta 3 adrengergic receptors
lipolysis in fat cells
34
D1 and D5 dopamine receptors have what effect on cAMP
increase cAMP
35
continual or repetitive stimulation with an agonist may have what effect on receptor regulation?
down regulation
36
lack of stimulation may have what effect on receptor regulation?
* up regulation * cause receptor number of affinity to increase
37
blood vessels and sweat glands only have what innervation?
sympathetic
38
function of M2 receptor activation in heart
decreases heart rate and conduction * parasympathetic
39
function of M3 receptor activation in lungs?
bronchoconstriction
40
function of B1 receptor activation in heart?
* increase heart rate, AV conduction and contractility * sympathetic
41
function of B2 receptor activation in BV, and lungs?
* relax bronchioles * relax blood vessels to skeletal muscles * sympathetic
42
function of a1 receptor activation in BV?
constrict most blood vessels * sympathetic
43
function of M3 receptor activation in glands ?
* increase salivary and lacrimal secretion
44
function of M3 receptor activation in eyes?
* miosis * near vision accomodation * parasympathetic
45
function of M1 receptor activation in glands ?
sweating * sympathetic
46
activation of what receptor increases salivation in sympathetic innervation
alpha receptor
47
activation of what receptor results in mydriasis in sympathetic innervation
alpha receptor
48
activation of what receptor causes nasal vasoconstriction in sympathetic innervation
alpha receptor
49
function of M3 receptor activation in GI
* stimulates GI contraction * relaxes pyloric sphincter * increases gastic acid secretion * \*\*parasympathetic
50
which receptor(s) are responsible for relaxation of the GI tract
alpha2 and beta2
51
function of B2 receptor activation in GI tract
* relax GI tract * increase glycogenolysis in liver
52
function of M3 receptor activation in GU system
* contract bladder wall and relax sphincters
53
activation of what receptors promote erection?
* parasympathetic activation of M3 receptors
54
activation of what receptors cause ejaculation?
* sympathetic innervation of a1 receptors
55
Which receptor activation increases renin
B1
56
Which receptor causes relaxation of the bladder wall and uterus upon activation
B2
57
what happens to vision when ciliary muscle contracts?
* lens becomes rounder * near vision
58
what happens to vision when ciliary muscle relaxes?
* lens flattens * far vision
59
activation of what receptors constrict the ciliary muscle?
muscarinic receptors
60
sympathetic stimulation of _what receptor_ has _what effect_ on size of pupil?
* alpha receptor * iris is pulled open and pupil is dilated
61
parasympathetic stimulation of _what receptor_ has _what effect_ on size of pupil?
* M3 receptor * constrict pupil
62
muscarinic receptor stimulation has what effect on intraoccular pressure?
decreases * causes contraction of ciliary muscle and increases outflow of aqueous humor into the canal of schlemm
63
alpha adrenergic receptor stimulation has what effect on intraoccular pressure?
* decreases intraocular pressure * alpha receptor activation causes mydriasis (pupil dilation)
64
beta adrenergic receptor stimulation has what effect on intraoccular pressure?
increase production of aqueous humor and intraocular pressure

Pharmacology II (9 decks)

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