Lect. 4 Lipids

Question 1

Main categories of lipids

Answer 1

1. Neutral fats (triglycerides & fatty acids)
2. Steroids
3. Phospholipids

Question 2

What are lipids used for?

Answer 2

• energy storage
• structural components of membranes and hormones

Question 3

Types of Lipids

Triglycerides

Answer 3

Water insoluble

Lard, suet, olive oil, peanut oil, butter

Question 4

Types of Lipids

Fatty acids

Answer 4

Water insoluble

Linoleic, linolenic

Question 5

Types of Lipids

Steroids

Answer 5

Membrane component, hormones

Estrogen, vitamin D, cholesterol

Question 6

Types of Lipids

Phospholipids

Answer 6

Amphipathic; membrane component

Lecithin (2 fatty acids, glycerol, phosphate + choline)

Question 7

What are triglycerides composed of?

smaller molecules:

Answer 7

1. fatty acids (3)
2. glycerol

Question 8

What are fatty acids composed of?

Answer 8

often long hydrocarbon tail (16/18 C) with a carbozyl gr. (-COOH) at one end

lipid molecule

Question 9

What is glycerol composed of?

Answer 9

a 3-carbon alcohol containing 3 hydroxyl (-OH) gr.s

Question 10

Fatty Acids

Saturated fatty acids contain:

Answer 10

the max number of H atoms bonded to the C skeleton (no =bonds)

solid at room temp.

butter, palmitic acids

Question 11

Monounsaturated acids contain:

Answer 11

one double bond

liquid at room temp.

found in fish, plants. olive oil. oleic acid

Question 12

Polyunsaturated fatty acids contains:

Answer 12

more than one =bond

liquid at room temp.

nutritionally the best type of lipid. linseed oil, linoleic acid.

Question 13

Unsaturated fatty acid

A cis fatty acid has H atoms located on:

Answer 13

the same side of the =bond which gives the chain a pronounced kink

found in nature, , in foods like olice oil.