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Physiology > Lect 3 - Block 3 - Glomerular Filtration > Flashcards

Lect 3 - Block 3 - Glomerular Filtration Flashcards

0
Q

Optic nerve swelling is indicative of ___________

A

Increased intracranial pressure

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1
Q

During malignant hypertension, administering an ace inhibitor will __________ GFR. This is due to dilation of the ________ arteriole

A

Decrease, efferent

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2
Q

Filtered load is _________ x __________

It is the quantity of a compound that enters Bowman’s capsule each minute

A

GFR x filtrate concentration

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3
Q

Blood flow through kidney:

A

Renal artery, arterial branches, interlobular artery, afferent arteriole, glomerular capillary, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillary, venous branches, renal vein

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4
Q

Filtration fraction

A

GFR/renal plasma flow = filtration fraction

Percent of plasma which is filtered by the renal glomerulus and enters Bowman’s capsule
Usually about 20% of total RPF

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5
Q

Tubular system order of flow

A

Bowman’s capsule, proximal tubule, loop of Henle (thin descending, thin ascending, thick ascending), distal tubule, cortical collecting duct, medullary collecting duct, renal papilla, ureter, bladder, urethra

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6
Q

2 types of nephrons, named by location

A

Juxtamedullary nephrons

Cortical nephrons

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7
Q

Ultrafiltrate first enters where?

A

Bowman’s capsule

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8
Q

Glomerular capillaries get what percent of cardiac output?

A

20-25%

1200-1300mL/min

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9
Q

2 capillary beds of the kidney

A 
Glomerular: 1300mL/min
Peritubular capillaries
       Cortex: 1000mL/min
       Outer medulla: 240mL/min
       Vasa recta to inner medulla: 60mL/min

Cortex and outer medulla get most do the peritubular capillary blood flow

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10
Q

What percent of blood entering the kidneys passes through glomerular capillary beds?

A

100%

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11
Q

Plasma is what percent of blood?

A

55% (other 45% are RBC’s)

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12
Q

GFR is normally

A

125mL/min (120-140 - both kidneys)

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13
Q

Renal Plasma Flow (RPF) =

A

RBF(1-hematocrit) = RBF

600-700mL/min (both kidneys)

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14
Q

Urine production rate is normally about _______, and ranges from _____ to _____

A

1mL/min, ranges from 0.4 to 20mL/min

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15
Q

Filtration fraction is ______ if preglomerular resistance changes
Filtration fraction is ______ if postglomerular resistance changes

A

constant

altered

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16
Q

GFR-max urine flow=?

A

readsorption

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17
Q

Kidneys use autoregulation for blood pressure. The normal BP range is from ___to___mmHg, and changes in BP within this range (do/don’t) alter renal blood flow or GFR.

A

80-150mmHg

changes in this range don’t alter renal blood flow or GFR

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18
Q

Kidney blood flow control - autoregulation
1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Tubuloglomerular feedback
  2. Myogenic
  3. Prostaglandins
19
Q

Kidneys shut down at blood pressures less than ____mmHg

A

50mmHg

20
Q

Blood flow (is/isn’t) controlled by metabolism in kidneys

A

isn’t

21
Q

Even though GFR doesn’t change with blood pressure, the rate of urine formation is directly tied to arterial blood pressure. This is called ______ ________, where increase in arterial pressure causes an increase in the rate of urine production

A

pressure diuresis

22
Q

Sympathetic innervation of kidneys
1.
2.
3.

A
  1. mostly afferent arterioles, some efferent
  2. Justaglomerular cells (renin secretion)
  3. Tubule (Na+ reabsorption)
23
Q

Hydrostatic pressure from across glomerular capillary starts at ____ and ends at _____

A

50, 40

24
Q

colloid osmotic pressure in glomerular capillary changes from ____ to ____

A

25, 30

25
Q

Hydrostatic pressure of Bowman’s capsule is ____

A

10mmHg

26
Q

Net filtration pressure across glomerular capillary is _____

A

10mmHg outward (15 at afferent arteriole side, 0 at efferent arteriole side)

27
Q

Filtration is dependent on 5 things

A
  1. permeability
  2. capillary hydrostatic pressure
  3. filtrate oncotic pressure
  4. plasma oncotic pressure
  5. filtrate hydrostatic pressure
    (filtrate oncotic pressure is normally 0, because large oncotic proteins are not filtered)
28
Q

Oncotic pressure due to presence of proteins in plasma (increases/decreases) as fluid flows through the glomerular capillaries

A

Increases

29
Q

Afferent arteriole is changed by ________

A

sympathetics

30
Q

Efferent arteriole is changed by ________

A

angiotensin II

tubuloglomerular feedback

31
Q

Protein oncotic pressure is changed by _______

A

plasma protein concentration

barrier integrity

32
Q

Renal blood flow:

afferent constriction causes ___RBF, ___GFR, ___Peri Reabs

A

decrease RBF, decrease GFR, increase Peri Reabs

33
Q

Renal blood flow:

efferent constriction causes ___RBF, ___GFR, ___Peri Reabs

A

decrease RBF, increase GFR, increase Peri Reabs

34
Q

Renal blood flow:

afferent dilation causes ___RBF, ___GFR, ___Peri Reabs

A

increase RBF, increase GFR, decrease Peri Reabs

35
Q

Renal blood flow:

efferent dilation causes ___RBF, ___GFR, ___Peri Reabs

A

increase RBF, decrease GFR, decrease Peri Reabs

36
Q

3 layers filtrate passes through from glomerular capillaries to Bowman’s capsule

A
  1. Capillary endo (fenestrated), keeps RBC’s out
  2. Basement membrane, has a “-“ charge, keeps proteins out
  3. Bowman’s capsule epi. small holes that do more filtering of big particles
37
Q

3 things that are freely filtered

A

H2O, NaCl, Glucose

38
Q

Inulin is used to measure _____ and is filtered at about 90%

A

GFR

39
Q

____ charged particles are easier to filter through the basement membrane into Bowman’s capsule

A

Positively

40
Q

The loss of negative charge in the basement membrane in the kidney is a consequence of this long-term disease.

A

Diabetes, due to glycosylation of the basement membrane proteins

41
Q

The loss of negative charge in the basement membrane in the kidney is a consequence of this infection.

A

Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis, where antibodies created in response to strep infection attack the glomerular basement membrane

42
Q

GFR is maintained even though the number of nephrons is lost in chronic kidney disease. This is because the remaining nephrons…

A

have a compensatory increase in glomerular filtration rate

43
Q

The body can tolerate a loss of 1/2 of the nephrons and still maintain ____% of GFR

A

90%

44
Q

Administering an ACE inhibitor will cause a(an) ____ in GFR and a _____ in filtration fraction. This is because the ____ arteriole is dilated

A

decrease, no change, efferent

Physiology (6 decks)

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