Lect 1 - Block 3 - Osmolatiry, Tonicity

Question 0

A cell shrinks in ___________ solution. This is also called _________.

Answer 0

hypertonic; crenation

Question 1

Cells lyse at less than ____ mOsm; normal mOsm is _____

Answer 1

200, 260

Question 2

Tonicity describes ability to alter volume after the particles have _________

Answer 2

diffused

Question 3

Total Body Water (TBW) is ____ to _____% of body weight

Answer 3

50-70% (60 is average)

Question 4

/ of water is intracellular

/ of water is outside of cells (Plasma and extracellular)

Answer 4

2/3

1/3

Question 5

In the RBC ______ and ______ can enter through diffusion or facilitated diffusion. Because of this they (are/aren’t) ignored when calculating tonicity.

Answer 5

urea and glucose

Question 6

Measuring size of compartment: TBW

Substance: _______ and ______

Answer 6

antipyrine, D2O

Question 7

Measuring size of compartment: ECF

Substance: _______ and ______

Answer 7

Inulin and Radio-sodium

Question 8

Measuring size of compartment: Plasma

Substance: _______ and ______

Answer 8

131I-albumin and Evans Blue (large MW proteins)

Question 9

Measuring size of compartment: Blood

Substance: _______

Answer 9

51Cr-RBCs

Question 10

Measuring size of compartment: Interstitial

Substance: indirect (equation ________)

Answer 10

ECF-Plasma

Question 11

Measuring size of compartment: ICF

Substance: indirect (equation ______)

Answer 11

TBW-ECF

Question 12

standard equation for measuring compartments

Answer 12

vol= amount added/change in concentration

Question 13

Normal Plasma volumes:
Proteins :
Na+:
K+:
P= (hydrostatic pressure)
pi= (colloid osmotic press., protein osmotic press., oncotic press.)
Osm. =

Answer 13

proteins: 1.5 mmol/L
Na+ 140 mmol/L
K+ 4.5 mmol/L
P = 23 mmHg
pi = 28 mmHg
Osm. 285 mOsm/L

Question 14

Daily Water Balance
Gain: Food and drink, metabolism
Loss: Insensible, Urine, Feces, Sweat
Which two are highly variable?

Answer 14

Water intake and urine

Question 15

Body fluids lost
Isotonic: (3)
Hypotonic: (3)
diarrhea (adult), diarrhea (infant), saliva, vomit, blood, sweat

Answer 15

Iso: diarrhea (adult), blood, vomit
Hypotonic: sweat, saliva, diarrhea (infant)

Question 16

Adults/Infants have a higher daily fluid turnover (proportionally), causing rapid dehydration if sick

Answer 16

infants 1/6 (16%) vs. adults 1/16 (6%)

Question 17

If you infuse normal saline, which of the following increase volume (ECF, ICF)

Answer 17

ECF