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M-anatomy > lecccc > Flashcards

lecccc Flashcards

1
Q

types of brain waves

A

alpha
beta
delta
theta

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2
Q

symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus

A

Polyphagia
Polydipsia
Polyuria
fatigue

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3
Q

main regulatory functions of Endocrine system

A

control reproductive functions
water balance
heart rate and Blood pressure regulation
Ion Regulation

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4
Q

4 major functions of the Nervous System

A

Maintaining homeostasis
integrating information
control of muscle and glands
receiving sensory input

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5
Q

4 effects of Aging on the nervous System

A

Decrease sensory neurons
decrease motor neurons
Decrease size & weight
Decrease neuronal function

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6
Q

3 types of sensory receptors

A

photoreceptors
chemoreceptors
mechanoreceptors

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7
Q

3 disruptions to Pain receptors

A

local anesthesia
general anesthesia
gate control theory

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8
Q

4 functions of blood

A

transport gases, nutrients and waste
transport processed molecules
maintaining body temperature
clot formation

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9
Q

veins of abdomen and pelvis

A

ovarian vein
suprarenal vein
testicular vein

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10
Q

3 veins of lower limbs

A

Femoral Vein
Popliteal vein
Great suprarenous vein

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11
Q

4 functions of the heart

A

routing blood
generating blood pressure
ensuring 1 way blood flow
regulating blood supply

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12
Q

4 large veins carrying blood to the heart

A

Inferior vena cava
superior vena cava
pulmonary veins
coronary sinus

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13
Q

4 heart medications

A

Nitroglycerin
calcium channel blockers
Digitalis
Antihypertensive drugs

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14
Q

4 functions of circulatory system

A
  1. Carries blood
  2. Exchanges nutrients, waste products, and gases with tissues
  3. Transports substances
  4. Helps regulate blood pressure
  5. Directs blood flow to the tissue
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15
Q

thrombus freely floating in the bloodstream

A

Embolus

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16
Q

normal vision

A

20/20

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17
Q

gland found in upper part of thoracic cavity that secretes thymosin for immunity system

A

Thymus

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18
Q

type of glasses use if lenses are removed

A

concave

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19
Q

hormone that stimulates fats and favors protein breakdown

A

Growth hormone

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20
Q

connects the 3rd and 4th ventricles in the midbrain

A

cerebral aqueduct

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21
Q

meaty and savory taste

A

umami

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22
Q

fatty protective wrappings around the axon

A

myelin sheaths

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23
Q

blood pressure is most commonly taken in what artery

A

brachial artery

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24
Q

responsible for sexual emotions and homeostasis

A

Hypothalamus

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25
Q

bind to intracellular receptors in the target cell

A

Lipid soluble hormones

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26
Q

accumulation of aqueous humor due to blockage of venous ring

A

Glaucoma

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27
Q

chemical messenger secreted into the blood, travels to a distant target tissue

A

Hormones

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28
Q

may cause changes in the transcription and translation when bound to appropriate signals and typically bind to hydrophobic chemical signals

A

Intracellular receptors

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29
Q

chemical substances released from the presynaptic terminal and are normally broken down by enzymes

A

neurotransmitters

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30
Q

can cause constrictions in the blood vessels when present in large amounts

A

Antidiuretic hormone

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31
Q

lives for about 120 days in males and 110 in females, loses nuclei

A

RBC

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32
Q

removes bacteria and cell debris from CNS

A

Microglial

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33
Q

short branching cytoplasmic extensions that receives information

A

dendrites

34
Q

when bind to antigen, result can be agglutination of cells

A

Antibodies

35
Q

produced by kidney in response to low blood oxygen levels

A

Erythropoietin (EPO)

36
Q

molecules that covered surface of RBC

A

Antigens

37
Q

Neurotransmitters with clinical examples such as use of cocaine and amphetamines

A

Norepinephrine

38
Q

250,000-4000,000 is the normal count for?

A

Platelet

39
Q

difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

A

pulse pressure

40
Q

abnormally high WBCs

A

Leukocytosis

41
Q

fluid or blood accumulates in pericardial cavity and compresses the heart

A

Cardiac Tamponade

42
Q

rigid sickle chape

A

sickle shape anemia

43
Q

performed when patients heart is scarred or deformed

A

Heart valve replacement

44
Q

cranial nerves

A

lol

45
Q

– reduce the rate at which Ca2+ diffuses into cardiac & smooth muscle
cells to control the force of heart contractions & reduce arrhythmia

A

Calcium Channel Blockers

46
Q

placed beneath the skin that is equipped with an electrode which
provides an electrical stimulus to the heart at set frequency

A

Artificial Pacemaker

47
Q

reduce blood pressure to decrease the heart’s workload

A

Antihypertensive Drugs

48
Q

heart is Located in thoracic cavity between the two pleural cavities called the

A

mediastinum

49
Q

a double-layered sac that anchors it within the mediastinum and protects heart; forms the
pericardial cavity (space around heart);

A

Pericardium

50
Q

– a tough connective tissue in outer layer

A

Fibrous Pericardium

51
Q

inner layer; consists of flat epithelial cells with a thin layer of connective
tissue

A

Serous Pericardium

52
Q

a part of serous that lines the fibrous pericardium

A

Parietal Pericardium:

53
Q

part that covering the heart surface

A

Visceral Pericardium / Epicardium:

54
Q

– produced by the serous pericardium within pericardial cavity that helps reduce friction
as the heart moves within the pericardium

A

Pericardial Fluid

55
Q

located at the base of heart; functions primarily as reservoir, where blood returning from veins
collects; its contraction forces blood into ventricles to complete ventricular filling (primer pump)

A

Atria

56
Q

receives blood from three major openings:

A

Right Atrium

57
Q

receives blood through the four pulmonary veins, which drain blood from the lungs

A

Left Atrium

58
Q

– drain blood from most of the body

A

Superior & Inferior Vena Cava

59
Q

– drains blood from most of the heart muscle

A

Coronary Sinus

60
Q

a partition that separates the two atria

A

Interatrial Septum

61
Q

extend from the base toward the apex; major pumping chambers as they eject blood into the
arteries and force it to flow through circulatory system (power pump)

A

Ventricles

62
Q

– pumps blood into pulmonary trunk (pulmonary circulation)

A

Right Ventricle

63
Q

thicker & contracts more forcefully as it pumps blood into aorta for systemic
circulation

A

Left Ventricle

64
Q

a muscle that separates the two ventricles

A

Interventricular Septum

65
Q

extends around the heart, separating the atria from the ventricles

A

Coronary Sulcus

66
Q

arising from right ventricle; splits into right & left pulmonary arteries; carry
blood to lungs

A

Pulmonary Trunk

67
Q

– arising from left ventricle, carries blood to the rest of the body

A

Aorta

68
Q

maintain the one-way flow of blood through the heart chambers;

A

Heart Valves

69
Q

– located between each atrium & ventricle; allow blood to flow from
atria into the ventricles but prevent it from flowing back into the atria; open when the ventricles relax

A

Atrioventricular (AV) Valves

70
Q

– has 3 cusps between the right atrium & right ventricle

A

Tricuspid Valve

71
Q

has 2 cusps between the left atrium & left ventricle

A

Bicuspid Valve / Mitral Valve

72
Q

cone-shaped muscular pillars in each ventricle; muscles are attached by thin, strong, connective tissue strings, chordae tendineae, to the free margins of the cusps of AV
valves; contract along with ventricles & prevent the valves from opening

A

Papillary Muscles

73
Q

– located between each ventricle & its associated great artery; each valve
consists of 3 pocketlike semilunar cusps; open when the ventricles contract

A

Semilunar (SL) Valves

74
Q

between right ventricle & pulmonary trunk

A

Pulmonary SL Valve

75
Q

between left ventricle & aorta

A

Aortic SL Valve

76
Q

consists of fibrous rings that surround AV & SL valves & give them
solid support; serve as electrical insulation between atria & ventricles and rigid attachment site for cardiac
muscle

A

Cardiac Skeleton / Fibrous Skeleton

77
Q

– supply oxygenated blood to the wall of heart; originate from the base of the aorta, just
above the aortic SL valves

A

Coronary Arteries

78
Q

– a thin, serous membrane forming the smooth outer surface

A

Epicardium –

79
Q

thick middle layer composed of cardiac muscle cells; responsible for contraction of
heart chambers

A

Myocardium –

80
Q

smooth inner surface; allows blood to move easily through the heart; where heart valves are formed by its folds

A

Endocardium

M-anatomy (2 decks)

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