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M-anatomy > Labb > Flashcards

Labb Flashcards

1
Q

5 basic taste

A

Sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami

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2
Q

3 factors affecting blood pressure

A

Cardiac output
Resistance
Blood volume

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3
Q

Hormones secreted by pancreas

A

Insulin
Glucagon

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4
Q

4 classical symptoms of Parkinson Disease

A

Muscular Riggidy
Resting tremor
Slow shuffling gait

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5
Q

3 functions of the Lymphatic system

A

Produce White blood cells
Absorbs/transports fats
Removing excess fluids

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6
Q

2 immune diseaseresulting from failure of thymus to develop

A

Di george syndrome
Nezel of diseases

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7
Q

Bathes the brain and spinal cord, providing a protective cushion around the CNS. Fills the brain ventricles, the central canal of the spinal cord, and the subarachnoid space.

A

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

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8
Q

Autoimmune disorder affects acetylcholine receptors; makes the neuromuscular junction less functional; muscle weakness and increased fatigue lead to paralysis.

A

Myasthenia gravis

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9
Q

Mental deterioration, or dementia; usually affects older people; involves loss of neurons in the cerebral cortex; symptoms include general
intellectual deficiency, memory loss, short attention span, moodiness, disorientation, and irritability.

A

Alzheimer disease

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10
Q

Autoimmune condition; may be initiated by viral infection; inflammation in brain and spinal cord with demyelination and sclerotic (hard) sheaths results in poor conduction of action potentials; symptoms include exaggerated reflexes, tremor, and speech defects.

A

Multiple sclerosis

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11
Q

Caused by a lesion in basal nuclei; characterized by muscular rigidity, resting tremor, general lack of movement, and a slow, shuffling gait.

A

Parkinson disease

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12
Q

The storage of memory can be divided into three stages:

A

working, short-term, and long-term

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13
Q

components of Diencephalon

A

Thalamus
Epithalamus
Hypothalamus

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14
Q

○ Largest part of diencephalon
○ Connected in center by interthalamic adhesion
○ Relay for sensory information!
○ Influences mood
○ Registers unlocalized, uncomfortable perception of pain

A

Thalamus

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15
Q

Superior to thalamus
○ Small, few nuclei involved in emotional/visceral response to odors

A

● Epithalamus

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16
Q

influences onset of puberty; plays role in controlling long-term cycles influenced by light-dark cycle

A

Pineal Gland

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17
Q

Inferior part of diencephalon
Maintenance of homeostasis
Regulate body temperature, hunger, thirst
Sensations like sexual pleasure, rage, fear, relaxation, “nervous perspirations” (emotional responses)

A

Hypothalamus

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18
Q

extends from bottom of hypothalamus to pituitary gland

A

Infundibulum:

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19
Q

form visible swellings on backside of hypothalamus → emotional responses to odors and memory

A

Mammillary bodies

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20
Q

Cranial Nerves

A

I - Olfactory -s
II - Optic-s
III - Oculomotor-m
IV - Trochlear-m
V - Trigeminal-mix
VI - Abducens-m
VII - Facial-mix
VIII - Vestibulocochlear-s
IX - Glossopharyngeal-mix
X - Vagus-mix
XI - Accessory-m
XII - Hypoglossal-m

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21
Q

Cranial Nerves - Motor to four of six extrinsic eye muscles and upper eyelid; parasympathetic: constricts pupil, thickens lens

A

Oculomotor

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22
Q

Cranial Nerves - Sensory to face and teeth; motor to muscles of mastication (chewing)

A

trigeminal

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23
Q

Cranial Nerves - Sensory: taste; motor to muscles of facial expression; parasympathetic to salivary and tear glands.

A

Facial

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24
Q

Cranial Nerves - Hearing and balance

A

Vestibulocochlear

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25
Q

Cranial Nerves - Sensory: taste and touch to back of tongue; motor to pharyngeal muscles; parasympathetic to salivary glands

A

Glossopharyngeal

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26
Q

Cranial Nerves - Sensory to pharynx, larynx, and viscera; motor to palate, pharynx, and larynx; parasympathetic to viscera of thorax and abdomen

A

Vagus

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27
Q

Cranial Nerves - Motor to two neck and upper back muscles

A

Accessory

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28
Q

Cranial Nerves - Motor to tongue muscles

A

Hypoglossal

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29
Q

The olfactory cortex and certain deep cortical regions and
nuclei of the cerebrum and the diencephalon are grouped
together under the title ______.

A

limbic system.

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30
Q

influences long-term declarative memory, emotions, visceral responses to emotions, motivation, and mood.

A

limbic system.

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31
Q

responds to olfactory stimulation by initiating responses necessary for survival, such as hunger and thirst.

A

Limbic System

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32
Q

hollow, fluid-filled sphere

A

Eyeball

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33
Q

Tunics – 3 layered wall of the eye

A

Fibrous tunic
Vascular tunic
Nervous tunic

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34
Q

– firm, white, outer connective tissue; maintains the shape of the eye, protects the internal structures, and provides attachment sites for the extrinsic eye muscles.

A

Sclera

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35
Q

– transparent, permits light to enter; refracts the entering light; ‘window of the eye. As part of the focusing system of the fibrous tunic, it also bends, or refracts, the entering light. If light were reflected inside the eye, the reflection would interfere with vision. The interiors of cameras are black for the same
reason.

A

Cornea

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36
Q

contains most of the blood vessels of the eye

A

Vascular tunic

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37
Q

controls the amt. of light entering the eyes

A

Pupil

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38
Q

flexible, biconvex, transparent disc

A

Lens

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39
Q

Functions of the Eye

A

Light Refraction
Focusing Images on the Retina

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40
Q

An important characteristic of light is that it can be refracted(bent). As light passes from air to some other, denser transparent substance, the light rays are refracted. If the surface of a lens is concave, the light rays are bent, so that they diverge as they pass

A

Light Refraction

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41
Q

crossing point

A

Focal point

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42
Q

– causes light to converge

A

Focusing

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43
Q

causes greater refraction of light; enables the eye to focus on images

A

Accommodation

44
Q

oval structures located on the surface of certain papillae;

A

taste buds

45
Q

Involves optic nerve degeneration, cataracts, retinal detachment; often caused by blood vessel degeneration and hemorrhage

A

Diabetic retinopathy

46
Q

Cornea or lens is not uniformly curved, so image is not sharply focused

A

Astigmatism

47
Q

Separation of sensory retina from pigmented retina; relatively common problem; may result in vision loss

A

Retinal detachment

48
Q

3 Auditory Ossicles

A

Malleus (hammer)
Incus (Anvil)
Stapes (Stirrup)

49
Q

Clouding of lens as a result of advancing age, infection, or trauma; most common cause of blindness in the world

A

Blindness Cataract

50
Q

a polypeptide hormone that plays a major role in bone remodeling and
calcium homeostasis, by increasing the concentration of calcium in the blood.

A

Parathyroid Hormones

51
Q

Classes of Chemical Messengers

A

Autocrine
Paracrine
Endocrine
Neurotransmitter

52
Q

are determined by the antigens that are present on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs, also known as erythrocytes).

A

Blood types

53
Q

When blood clumps or forms visible islands in the still liquid plasma, it is called

A

agglutination

54
Q

found on the surface of red cells

A

Antigens

55
Q

Most of the volume of normal human blood is composed of:

A

plasma

56
Q

The blood of all normal humans contains _____, ______, _____ ,______.

A

red and white cells, platelets, and plasma

57
Q

Erythrocyte is another name for ?

A

Red Blood Cell

58
Q

provide the major defense for our bodies against invading bacteria and viruses

A

White blood Cell / Leukocytes

59
Q

The relatively clear liquid medium which carries the other cells of blood is called ?

A

plasma

60
Q

normal pulse rate of adult

A

60-100

61
Q

the pressure that blood exerts on the wall of the blood vessels

A

blood pressure

62
Q

-– a record of electrical events within the heart
-is an interpretation of the electrical activity (depolarization and repolarization) of the heart
over a period of time.

A

electrocardiogram (ECG)

63
Q

– results from depolarization of atrial myocardium

A

P wave

64
Q

– represents repolarization of ventricles

A

T wave

65
Q

in EKG, ventricular systole occurs at this time.
results from depolarization of ventricles

A

QRS complex

66
Q

common pulse points

A

Brachial artery
Common carotid artery
Dorsalis pedis artery
Femoral artery
Popliteal artery
Posterior tibial artery
Radial artery

67
Q

During diastole the atria and ventricles are relaxed, and blood flows into the right and left atria.

A

Atrial and ventricular diastole

68
Q

normal BP

A

120/80

69
Q

hardening of the arteries.
It is typically caused by a diet high in fat, which leaves fatty deposits on the lining of the blood vessels.

A

Atherosclerosis

70
Q

Myocardial infarction (MI) is the technical term
can occur when the blood supply is cut off from the heart, often by a blood clot.

A

Heart attack

71
Q

can happen when one of the vessels that lead to the brain either becomes blocked by a blood clot or bursts.
This stops blood flow and prevents oxygen from getting to the brain.

A

Stroke

72
Q

the heart is not pumping blood around the body as efficiently as it should.

A

Heart failure

73
Q

carry blood toward the heart; usually, the blood is deoxygenated (oxygen-poor)

A

Veins

74
Q

blood flow here from arterioles; where the diffusion or exchange of gases, substances, and other waste products

A

Capillaries

75
Q

carry blood away from the heart; usually oxygenated;

A

Arteries

76
Q

The opening of a blood vessel.

A

vasodilation

77
Q

The closing or tightening of a blood vessel

A

vasoconstriction

78
Q

The movement of blood around the body, closely controlled by alterations in resistance and pressure

A

blood flow

79
Q

muscles of the heart

A

Myocardium

80
Q

circulates oxygenated blood from the heart around the body

A

systemic circulatory system

81
Q

circulates deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

A

pulmonary circulatory system

82
Q

What causes blood pressure?

A

contraction of the ventricles in the heart

83
Q

The picture below shows the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide through a capillary wall. This picture shows the exchange of gases between which two body systems?

A

circulatory and respiratory

84
Q

a subsystem of the circulatory system in the vertebrate body that consists of a complex network of vessels, tissues,
and organs.

A

Lymphatic system

85
Q

In addition to serving as a drainage network, the lymphatic system helps protect the body against infection by producing _____ which help rid the body of disease-causing microorganisms.

A

wbc / lymphocytes

86
Q

organ that filters foreign material from the blood and destroy old RBC

A

SPLEEN

87
Q

The Spleen is found in what part of the body?

A

Left side of stomach

88
Q

Give 3 functions of the lymphatic system

A

Remove excess fluid
absorb/transports fats
produces WBC

89
Q

possible blood types of type A and Type B

A

A,B,AB,O

90
Q

hormones by posterior pituitary

A

antidiuretic hormone, oxytocin

91
Q

pulse on the neck

A

carotid

92
Q

muscles of the heart

A

Myocardium

93
Q

how many times u blink per minut

A

20

94
Q

elevated blood pressure

A

hypertension

95
Q

flat line

A

cardiac arrest

96
Q

universla donor

A

o

97
Q

during contractions of the skeletal muscle around the vessels, what is moved through lymphatic vessels?

A

Lymph

98
Q

vagus nerve is wat number?

A

Cranial nerve 10

99
Q

memory that includes riding a bike

A

procedural memory

100
Q

lymphatic system produces these cells to fight infection and get rid of microoganisms

A

Lymphocytes

101
Q

both atrium and ventricles relax during this

A

Diastole

102
Q

in EKG ventricular systole occurs this time

A

QRS Complex

103
Q

number of spinal nerves

A

31

104
Q

number of taste cells

A

40 taste cells

105
Q

3 plexuses of the spinal nerves

A

Cervical Plexus
Lumbo-sacral Plexus
Brachial Plexus

M-anatomy (2 decks)

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