Labb

Question 1

5 basic taste

Answer 1

Sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami

Question 2

3 factors affecting blood pressure

Answer 2

Cardiac output
Resistance
Blood volume

Question 3

Hormones secreted by pancreas

Answer 3

Insulin
Glucagon

Question 4

4 classical symptoms of Parkinson Disease

Answer 4

Muscular Riggidy
Resting tremor
Slow shuffling gait

Question 5

3 functions of the Lymphatic system

Answer 5

Produce White blood cells
Absorbs/transports fats
Removing excess fluids

Question 6

2 immune diseaseresulting from failure of thymus to develop

Answer 6

Di george syndrome
Nezel of diseases

Question 7

Bathes the brain and spinal cord, providing a protective cushion around the CNS. Fills the brain ventricles, the central canal of the spinal cord, and the subarachnoid space.

Answer 7

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 8

Autoimmune disorder affects acetylcholine receptors; makes the neuromuscular junction less functional; muscle weakness and increased fatigue lead to paralysis.

Answer 8

Myasthenia gravis

Question 9

Mental deterioration, or dementia; usually affects older people; involves loss of neurons in the cerebral cortex; symptoms include general
intellectual deficiency, memory loss, short attention span, moodiness, disorientation, and irritability.

Answer 9

Alzheimer disease

Question 10

Autoimmune condition; may be initiated by viral infection; inflammation in brain and spinal cord with demyelination and sclerotic (hard) sheaths results in poor conduction of action potentials; symptoms include exaggerated reflexes, tremor, and speech defects.

Answer 10

Multiple sclerosis

Question 11

Caused by a lesion in basal nuclei; characterized by muscular rigidity, resting tremor, general lack of movement, and a slow, shuffling gait.

Answer 11

Parkinson disease

Question 12

The storage of memory can be divided into three stages:

Answer 12

working, short-term, and long-term

Question 13

components of Diencephalon

Answer 13

Thalamus
Epithalamus
Hypothalamus

Question 14

○ Largest part of diencephalon
○ Connected in center by interthalamic adhesion
○ Relay for sensory information!
○ Influences mood
○ Registers unlocalized, uncomfortable perception of pain

Answer 14

Thalamus

Question 15

Superior to thalamus
○ Small, few nuclei involved in emotional/visceral response to odors

Answer 15

● Epithalamus

Question 16

influences onset of puberty; plays role in controlling long-term cycles influenced by light-dark cycle

Answer 16

Pineal Gland

Question 17

Inferior part of diencephalon
Maintenance of homeostasis
Regulate body temperature, hunger, thirst
Sensations like sexual pleasure, rage, fear, relaxation, “nervous perspirations” (emotional responses)

Answer 17

Hypothalamus

Question 18

extends from bottom of hypothalamus to pituitary gland

Answer 18

Infundibulum:

Question 19

form visible swellings on backside of hypothalamus → emotional responses to odors and memory

Answer 19

Mammillary bodies

Question 20

Cranial Nerves

Answer 20

I - Olfactory -s
II - Optic-s
III - Oculomotor-m
IV - Trochlear-m
V - Trigeminal-mix
VI - Abducens-m
VII - Facial-mix
VIII - Vestibulocochlear-s
IX - Glossopharyngeal-mix
X - Vagus-mix
XI - Accessory-m
XII - Hypoglossal-m

Question 21

Cranial Nerves - Motor to four of six extrinsic eye muscles and upper eyelid; parasympathetic: constricts pupil, thickens lens

Answer 21

Oculomotor

Question 22

Cranial Nerves - Sensory to face and teeth; motor to muscles of mastication (chewing)

Answer 22

trigeminal

Question 23

Cranial Nerves - Sensory: taste; motor to muscles of facial expression; parasympathetic to salivary and tear glands.

Answer 23

Facial

Question 24

Cranial Nerves - Hearing and balance

Answer 24

Vestibulocochlear

Question 25

Cranial Nerves - Sensory: taste and touch to back of tongue; motor to pharyngeal muscles; parasympathetic to salivary glands

Answer 25

Glossopharyngeal

Question 26

Cranial Nerves - Sensory to pharynx, larynx, and viscera; motor to palate, pharynx, and larynx; parasympathetic to viscera of thorax and abdomen

Answer 26

Vagus

Question 27

Cranial Nerves - Motor to two neck and upper back muscles

Answer 27

Accessory

Question 28

Cranial Nerves - Motor to tongue muscles

Answer 28

Hypoglossal

Question 29

The olfactory cortex and certain deep cortical regions and nuclei of the cerebrum and the diencephalon are grouped together under the title ______.

Answer 29

limbic system.

Question 30

influences long-term declarative memory, emotions, visceral responses to emotions, motivation, and mood.

Answer 30

limbic system.

Question 31

responds to olfactory stimulation by initiating responses necessary for survival, such as hunger and thirst.

Answer 31

Limbic System

Question 32

hollow, fluid-filled sphere

Answer 32

Eyeball

Question 33

Tunics – 3 layered wall of the eye

Answer 33

Fibrous tunic Vascular tunic Nervous tunic

Question 34

– firm, white, outer connective tissue; maintains the shape of the eye, protects the internal structures, and provides attachment sites for the extrinsic eye muscles.

Answer 34

Sclera

Question 35

– transparent, permits light to enter; refracts the entering light; ‘window of the eye. As part of the focusing system of the fibrous tunic, it also bends, or refracts, the entering light. If light were reflected inside the eye, the reflection would interfere with vision. The interiors of cameras are black for the same reason.

Answer 35

Cornea

Question 36

contains most of the blood vessels of the eye

Answer 36

Vascular tunic

Question 37

controls the amt. of light entering the eyes

Answer 37

Pupil

Question 38

flexible, biconvex, transparent disc

Answer 38

Lens

Question 39

Functions of the Eye

Answer 39

Light Refraction Focusing Images on the Retina

Question 40

An important characteristic of light is that it can be refracted(bent). As light passes from air to some other, denser transparent substance, the light rays are refracted. If the surface of a lens is concave, the light rays are bent, so that they diverge as they pass

Answer 40

Light Refraction

Question 41

crossing point

Answer 41

Focal point

Question 42

– causes light to converge

Answer 42

Focusing

Question 43

causes greater refraction of light; enables the eye to focus on images

Answer 43

Accommodation

Question 44

oval structures located on the surface of certain papillae;

Answer 44

taste buds

Question 45

Involves optic nerve degeneration, cataracts, retinal detachment; often caused by blood vessel degeneration and hemorrhage

Answer 45

Diabetic retinopathy

Question 46

Cornea or lens is not uniformly curved, so image is not sharply focused

Answer 46

Astigmatism

Question 47

Separation of sensory retina from pigmented retina; relatively common problem; may result in vision loss

Answer 47

Retinal detachment

Question 48

3 Auditory Ossicles

Answer 48

Malleus (hammer) Incus (Anvil) Stapes (Stirrup)

Question 49

Clouding of lens as a result of advancing age, infection, or trauma; most common cause of blindness in the world

Answer 49

Blindness Cataract

Question 50

a polypeptide hormone that plays a major role in bone remodeling and calcium homeostasis, by increasing the concentration of calcium in the blood.

Answer 50

Parathyroid Hormones

Question 51

Classes of Chemical Messengers

Answer 51

Autocrine Paracrine Endocrine Neurotransmitter

Question 52

are determined by the antigens that are present on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs, also known as erythrocytes).

Answer 52

Blood types

Question 53

When blood clumps or forms visible islands in the still liquid plasma, it is called

Answer 53

agglutination

Question 54

found on the surface of red cells

Answer 54

Antigens

Question 55

Most of the volume of normal human blood is composed of:

Answer 55

plasma

Question 56

The blood of all normal humans contains _____, ______, _____ ,______.

Answer 56

red and white cells, platelets, and plasma

Question 57

Erythrocyte is another name for ?

Answer 57

Red Blood Cell

Question 58

provide the major defense for our bodies against invading bacteria and viruses

Answer 58

White blood Cell / Leukocytes

Question 59

The relatively clear liquid medium which carries the other cells of blood is called ?

Answer 59

plasma

Question 60

normal pulse rate of adult

Answer 60

60-100

Question 61

the pressure that blood exerts on the wall of the blood vessels

Answer 61

blood pressure

Question 62

-– a record of electrical events within the heart -is an interpretation of the electrical activity (depolarization and repolarization) of the heart over a period of time.

Answer 62

electrocardiogram (ECG)

Question 63

– results from depolarization of atrial myocardium

Answer 63

P wave

Question 64

– represents repolarization of ventricles

Answer 64

T wave

Question 65

in EKG, ventricular systole occurs at this time. results from depolarization of ventricles

Answer 65

QRS complex

Question 66

common pulse points

Answer 66

Brachial artery Common carotid artery Dorsalis pedis artery Femoral artery Popliteal artery Posterior tibial artery Radial artery

Question 67

During diastole the atria and ventricles are relaxed, and blood flows into the right and left atria.

Answer 67

Atrial and ventricular diastole

Question 68

normal BP

Answer 68

120/80

Question 69

hardening of the arteries. It is typically caused by a diet high in fat, which leaves fatty deposits on the lining of the blood vessels.

Answer 69

Atherosclerosis

Question 70

Myocardial infarction (MI) is the technical term can occur when the blood supply is cut off from the heart, often by a blood clot.

Answer 70

Heart attack

Question 71

can happen when one of the vessels that lead to the brain either becomes blocked by a blood clot or bursts. This stops blood flow and prevents oxygen from getting to the brain.

Answer 71

Stroke

Question 72

the heart is not pumping blood around the body as efficiently as it should.

Answer 72

Heart failure

Question 73

carry blood toward the heart; usually, the blood is deoxygenated (oxygen-poor)

Answer 73

Veins

Question 74

blood flow here from arterioles; where the diffusion or exchange of gases, substances, and other waste products

Answer 74

Capillaries

Question 75

carry blood away from the heart; usually oxygenated;

Answer 75

Arteries

Question 76

The opening of a blood vessel.

Answer 76

vasodilation

Question 77

The closing or tightening of a blood vessel

Answer 77

vasoconstriction

Question 78

The movement of blood around the body, closely controlled by alterations in resistance and pressure

Answer 78

blood flow

Question 79

muscles of the heart

Answer 79

Myocardium

Question 80

circulates oxygenated blood from the heart around the body

Answer 80

systemic circulatory system

Question 81

circulates deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

Answer 81

pulmonary circulatory system

Question 82

What causes blood pressure?

Answer 82

contraction of the ventricles in the heart

Question 83

The picture below shows the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide through a capillary wall. This picture shows the exchange of gases between which two body systems?

Answer 83

circulatory and respiratory

Question 84

a subsystem of the circulatory system in the vertebrate body that consists of a complex network of vessels, tissues, and organs.

Answer 84

Lymphatic system

Question 85

In addition to serving as a drainage network, the lymphatic system helps protect the body against infection by producing _____ which help rid the body of disease-causing microorganisms.

Answer 85

wbc / lymphocytes

Question 86

organ that filters foreign material from the blood and destroy old RBC

Answer 86

SPLEEN

Question 87

The Spleen is found in what part of the body?

Answer 87

Left side of stomach

Question 88

Give 3 functions of the lymphatic system

Answer 88

Remove excess fluid absorb/transports fats produces WBC

Question 89

possible blood types of type A and Type B

Answer 89

A,B,AB,O

Question 90

hormones by posterior pituitary

Answer 90

antidiuretic hormone, oxytocin

Question 91

pulse on the neck

Answer 91

carotid

Question 92

muscles of the heart

Answer 92

Myocardium

Question 93

how many times u blink per minut

Answer 93

20

Question 94

elevated blood pressure

Answer 94

hypertension

Question 95

flat line

Answer 95

cardiac arrest

Question 96

universla donor

Answer 96

o

Question 97

during contractions of the skeletal muscle around the vessels, what is moved through lymphatic vessels?

Answer 97

Lymph

Question 98

vagus nerve is wat number?

Answer 98

Cranial nerve 10

Question 99

memory that includes riding a bike

Answer 99

procedural memory

Question 100

lymphatic system produces these cells to fight infection and get rid of microoganisms

Answer 100

Lymphocytes

Question 101

both atrium and ventricles relax during this

Answer 101

Diastole

Question 102

in EKG ventricular systole occurs this time

Answer 102

QRS Complex

Question 103

number of spinal nerves

Answer 103

31

Question 104

number of taste cells

Answer 104

40 taste cells

Question 105

3 plexuses of the spinal nerves

Answer 105

Cervical Plexus Lumbo-sacral Plexus Brachial Plexus