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Glaucoma > Lec.7: Normal Tension Glaucoma and Secondary OAG > Flashcards

Lec.7: Normal Tension Glaucoma and Secondary OAG Flashcards

1
Q

what can be said about IOP in NTG?

A

it is constantly variable

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2
Q

aside from IOP, what factors contribute to damage in NTG?

A

vascular factors

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3
Q

what diseases might patients with NTG have a higher prevalence for?

A

raynaud phenomena, ischemic vascular disease, autoimmune disorder, coagulopahties

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4
Q

what is the likelihood of NTG progression in patients that are treated vs. non-treated?

A

treated: 12% non-treated: 35%

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5
Q

what is the likelihood of cataract development in patients that are treated vs. non-treated?

A

treated: 38% non-treated: 14%

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6
Q

is NTG quick to progress?

A

no, progression tends to be slow

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7
Q

where does VF defects occur in NTG?

A

focal, deeper and central

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8
Q

in a patient with NTG, what region of the optic nerve rim tissue tends to be thinner?

A

inferiorly and inferiotemporally

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9
Q

what type of optic disc appearance do patients with NTG normally present with?

A

focal and senile sclerotic

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10
Q

what are the 5 types of glaucomatous classification for optic disc?

A

focal, myopic, senile sclerotic, concentric and advanced

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11
Q

what procedures are performed during a diagnostic evaluation of NTG?

A

repeated IOP measurements, gonioscopy, stereo optic disc images, medical history

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12
Q

in pigmentary glaucoma, where does the pigment tend to deposit?

A

corneal endothelium, trabecular meshwork, lens periphery, midperipheral transillumination defects

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13
Q

in PDS, which way does the iris bow? and towards what structure in particular?

A

concave bowing towards the zonular fibers

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14
Q

what demographic group is most likely to have PDS?

A

white males (ages 20-50)

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15
Q

what are 3 types of induced open angle lens?

A

phacolytics, lens particle, phacoanaphylaxis

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16
Q

what type of cataract leads to lens drop and leakage of proteins from the nucleus?

A

hypermature

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17
Q

(T/F) Phacolytic glaucoma causes flare with keratic precipitates?

A

False. (causes flare with out KPs)

18
Q

what types of lens conditions cause moderate anterior chamber reactions and development of synechiae?

A

lens particle glaucoma and phacoanaphylaxis

19
Q

what type of glaucoma may occur within weeks or years after cataract extraction?

A

lens particle glaucoma

20
Q

what rare condition results in granulomatous inflammation and keratic precipitates?

A

phacoanaphylaxis

21
Q

what can lead to unilateral chronic glaucoma?

A

ocular tumors

22
Q

what types of tumors lead to secondary angle closure glaucoma?

A

choroidal melanomas and other retinal and choroidal tumors

23
Q

what would edema of TM, blockage of TM, steroid induced reduction in aqueous outflow through TM endothelial cell dysfunction of TM lead too?

A

ocular inflammation and secondary open angle glaucoma.

24
Q

what happens if episcleral pressure is high?

A

aqueous humor cannot flow out properly

25
Q

what is the normal range of episcleral venous pressure?

A

8-10 mmHg

26
Q

what can prolonged use of topical corticosteroids lead too?

A

primary open angle glaucoma

27
Q

how long does a patient need to be taking steroids in order for IOP to spike?

A

2 weeks

28
Q

what mechanism leads to steroids increasing IOP?

A

due to an increase resistance to aqueous outflow in TM

29
Q

what other types of drugs may lead to glaucoma?

A

cycloplegic drugs and routine dilation in patients with open angles

30
Q

what are the most common causes of neovascular glaucoma?

A

diabete mellitus and CRVO (central retinal vein occlusion)

31
Q

what types of ICE (irido-corneal endothelial) syndromes can lead to glaucoma?

A

chandler syndrome, essential/progressive iris atrophy and iris nevus/ Cogan-Reese syndrome

32
Q

what characteristic is common in ICE sydnrome?

A

PAS (peripheral anterior synechiae)

33
Q

what percentage of ICE cases will go on to develop glaucoma?

A

50%

34
Q

what type of glaucomatous disc classification is this?

A

advanced

35
Q

what type of glaucomatous disc classification is this?

A

concentric

36
Q

what type of glaucomatous disc classification is this?

A

focal

37
Q

what type of glaucomatous disc classification is this?

A

myopic

38
Q

what type of glaucomatous disc classification is this?

A

senile sclerotic

39
Q

what does the picture represent and what layer of the cornea is being effected?

A

pigment deposits on corneal endothelium

40
Q

what would be the body’s response to proteins that leak from this lens?

A

auto-immune

41
Q

what does this picture represent and what can it lead too overtime?

A

angle recession in CB band. overtime this can cause scarring and further increase in IOP

42
Q

which ICE syndrome is being depicted and what layer of the cornea is being affected by these “hammer-silver” findings?

A

Chandler. the hammer silver appearance represents endothelial changes

Glaucoma (12 decks)

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