Lec.6: Philippine Profile Flashcards
— the stone age
— “pre” → non-written historical record because there is no writing system yet
— “proto” → already has a written historical record
Pre/Protohistoric Period
- Homo Luzonensis → mini man they have seen in Callao Cave; believed to be the first settlers; there is already people in the Philippines
- in Peña Blanca, Cagayan Valley
Callao Cave Settlement
- Tabon Man → almost the same age as Homo Luzonensis, but in different areas
- in Palawan
Tabon Cave Settlement
- balangay migration → a boat used by Austronesians to migrate to the PH; where the term “barangay” came
Migration of Austronesians to the PH Islands
- composed of Indonesian and Malaysian people
Austronesian
- creation of the Banaue Rice Terraces
Ifugao Civilization
- people believed there is a god
- “tao and kaluluwa” → common denominator of all living things
- Hindu-Buddhism was influenced by Austronesians
Spread of Animism together with Hindu-Buddhism practices
- polity → a form of government but not yet institutionalized; the presence of trade laws
Start of interaction and trade with neighboring polities and kingdoms
- presence and establishment of polities, kingdoms, huangdoms, rajahnates, sultanates: Ma-i, Tondo, Namayan, Maynila, Sugbo, BUtuan, Sulu, Lanao, Maguindanao
- already had governments but not yet institutionalized
- birth of ancient scripts
900-1400s
- Hari ng Tondo
Lakandula
- Rajah ng Maynila
- has a monument on Roxas Blvd
Raja Sulayman
- first religion in the PH which arrived and spread during 900s-1400s
Islam
- Spanish discovery and rule (333 years)
- Dutch failed occupation
- British occupation and influence
- Philippine independence
- American Occupation
- creation of the PH Republic
- WWII and the Japanese Occupation
- imposition of Martial Law
- restoration of the democracy
1500s-1900s
- started in 1521
- lasted for 333 years
Spanish discovery and rule
- from the Netherlands
- Battle of La Naval in 1646 → Netherlands vs Spain
- the Netherlands wanted to open ports in PH for easy trading with China
Dutch-failed Occupation
- UK wanted to trade in Cebu and China
British occupation and influence
June 12, 1898
Philippine Independence
- foreign occupation that lasted 48 years
- 1898-1946
American Occupation in the Philippines
- 1st President of the PH Republic
Manuel Roxas
- 1st President of Commonwealth
Manuel L. Quezon
- President after PH Independence
Emilio Aguinaldo
- foreign occupation during 1942-1945
WWII and Japanese Occupation
- under Pres. Ferdinand Ramos
- lasted 14 years (1972-1986)
PH Martial Law
- composed of:
(1) Lakan/Rajah
(2) Datu
(3) Maginoo
Maginoo (Ruling Class)
- the paramount datu of a large bayan
- purpose: to impose laws for the trade of spices
- hari → only used to refer to foreign monarchs
- halili → viceroys of hari
Lakan or Rajah
- maginoo with personal followings (dulohan or barangay)
- usually in Visayas or Mindanao
- 4-10 datus lived with their dulohan in a bayan
- responsibilities: governing his people, leading people in war, protecting people from enemies, settling disputes
- receives agricultural produce and services from his people, and distributed irrigated land among his barangay with the right of usufruct
Datu
- comprised of the ruling class of the Tagalogs
- usually in Luzon
- lineage was emphasized more than wealth
- Ginoo → honorific for both men and women
- Panginoon → shortened to Poon; a maginoo who had many slaves and other valuable properties like houses and boats
- Maygintawo - those who are nouveau rich
- members of maginoo include:
(1) those who would claim noble lineage
(2) members of the datu’s family
Maginoo
- free men
Timawa and Maharlika
- non-slaves who could attach themselves to the datu of their choice
- could use and bequeath a portion of the barangay land
- responsibility to the datu: agricultural labor, fisheries, accompany expeditions, row boats, support feasts, build houses
- members of timawa include:
(1) former slaves who paid their debts
(2) illegitimate children of maginoo and slaves
Timawa
- similar to timawa, except they also render military service to the datu
- paid for their own equipment and weapons
- received a share of the spoils
Maharlika
Types of Alipin
(1) Alipin Namamahay
(2) Alipin sa Gigilid
- slaves who lived in their own houses apart from their debtor
- if alipin’s debt came from insolvency or legal action, the alipin and his debtor agree on a period of indenture and an equivalent monetary value in exchange for it
- allowed to farm a portion of barangay land, but he was required to provide a measure of threshed rice or a jar of wine for his master
- other responsibilities: harvest crops, build houses, row boats, carry cargo
- members of alipin namamahay include:
(1) those who inherited debts from namamahay parents
(2) timawa who went into debt
(3) former alipin sa gigilid who married or bought their way into mamamahay status
Alipin Namamahay
- slaves who lived in their debtor’s house and were entirely dependent on him for food and shelter
- Male ASG → those who are married are often raised to namamahay status
- Female ASG → rarely permitted to marry
- members of alipin sa gigilid include:
(1) children born in debtor’s house
(2) children of parents who were too poor to raise them
Alipin sa Gigilid
- archipelagic country
- huge land area
- long coast line
- tropical climate
- has high and low points
- part of the pacific ring of fire
Natural Characteristics of the PH
Archipelagic Country / No. of Islands of PH
7,641 islands
Land Area of PH
~300,000 sq km
Coast Line of PH
36,289 kms
PH Climate
- tropical climate
- 2 seasons: wet and dry
Highest Point in the PH
Mount Apo (2, 954m)
Lowest Point in the PH
Galathea Depth, Philippine Trench (10, 540m)
- gender
- religion
- ethnolinguistic groups
- mean age
Demographics of the PH
PH Gender
- Males: 50.5%
- Females: 49.5%
PH Religions
- Catholics: 81%
- Protestants: 11%
- Muslims: 5.6%
- Others: 2.4%
Ethnolinguistic Groups
- Tagalog: 24.44%
- Cebuano/Binisaya: 21.35%
- Ilocano: 8.77%
- Hiligaynon: 8.44%
- Bikol: 6.84%
- Waray: 3.97%
- Others - 26.10%
PH Mean Age
24-26 years old
- anything that you can see and touch
- i.e. establishments (houses, churches, buildings) and artifacts
Tangible Cultural Heritage
- cannot touch or see because it’s a process
- i.e. food, services, festivals, process of weaving, traditions (dances, harana, etc.)
Intangible Cultural Heritage
