Lec5&6

Question 1

Between the oil leg and water leg

Answer 1

Oil-water transition zone (OWTZ)

Question 2

Below oil leg, 100% of pore space is saturated with water and various salts at low PH (3-7).
This is called?

Answer 2

Water leg

Question 3

Oil saturated part of the reservoir.

Answer 3

Oil leg.

Question 4

Time of reservoir charging depends on?

Answer 4

1. Migration rate
2. Generation of petroleum in the source rocks

Question 5

Why there are non-biodegraded oil reservoirs?

Answer 5

Due to the killing of the degrading M.O
And the reservoir is pasteuized/sterilized because of the temperature is more than 80°C

Question 6

Petroleum biodegradation in the reservoirs and refineries can be demonstrated by?

Answer 6

1. Compositional modification of the petroleum components.
2. Detection of microbial metabolic products in petroleum fluids

Question 7

Quantity of acidic substance in 1 g of a sample of the oil.

Answer 7

Total acid number ( TAN value )

Question 8

Reaction of methane formation:
H2 is ……. , CO2 is …….

Answer 8

H2 is electron donor (oxidized), CO2 is electron acceptor (reduced)

Question 9

Is a unique biochemical process (mehanogenesis) that starts at beginning of life on earth by autotrophs

Answer 9

Biogenic methane formation

Question 10

petroleum fluds are found in?

Answer 10

In permeable rocks, such as sandstone and limestone.

Question 11

Factors affecting the biodegradation process
عددي

Answer 11

1. Effect of temperature and pressure
2. Effect of salinity
3. Effect of oil migration

Question 12

High salinities increase the level of biodegradation at
any reservoir temperature.
T/F

Answer 12

F , High salinities reduce

Question 13

petroleum biodegradation in the reservoirs and refineries can be demonstrated by?

Answer 13

1. compositional modification of the petroleum components.
2. The detection of microbial metabolic products

Question 14

quantity of acidic substances in 1g of a sample of the OIL

Answer 14

Total Acid Number (TAN)

Question 15

methanogens characters

Answer 15

• mesophilic or thermophilic.
• Strict anaerobes found in diverse anaerobic habitats
• great morphologic diversity
• All methane-forming M.Os
• Most are obligate or facultative autotrophs.

Question 16

Methanospirillum
Methanomicrobium
Methanosarcina
Methanogenium
Methanococcus

Answer 16

genera of methanogens

Question 17

anaerobically oxidized by some microbes e.g SRB in the anoxic zone of the marine environments.

Answer 17

Anaerobic Methanotrophy

Question 18

used as the sole source of carbon and energy by a number of aerobic bacteria.

Answer 18

Aerobic Methanotrophy

Question 19

Is a unique biochemical process (methanogenesis) that starts at the beginning of life on Earth by autotrophs to obtain energy from simple organic gases CO2 and H2.

Answer 19

biogenic methane formation

Question 20

Why Methane cannot escape in the form of gaseous bubbles?

Answer 20

because it is accumulated in the sediments in the form of methane hydrates.

Question 21

General characters of methanogens:

Answer 21

1. All methane-forming M.Os (methanogens) are members of the domain Archaea
2. great morphologic diversity
3. Strict anaerobes found in diverse anaerobic habitats
4. May be mesophilic or thermophilic.
5. Most are obligate or facultative autotrophs.