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Question 1

What is health disparities?

Answer 1

Population have a significant disparities (differences)in:
1-the overall rate of disease incidence ,prevalence(morbidity)
2-mortality or the survival rate of population compared to the general population
(اختلافات فقط في نسبة الوفيات والمرض)

Question 2

There’s 2indicators for morbidity :

Answer 2

1- incidence
2- prevalence

Question 3

What is the heath inequity?

Answer 3

Disparities in health ( health care) in a systemic, avoidable and considered un fair or unjust. (Systemic disparities) (اختلاف في تعامل النظام الصحي مع الناس)

Question 4

What is heath equity?

Answer 4

The absence of systemic disparities between groups from different levels

Question 5

What is morbidity?

Answer 5

The rate of disease incidence and prevalence

Question 6

What is health inequality ,equity and health disparities?

Answer 6

The study of differences in the quality and quantity of health care and health across different population

Question 7

The differences in health care can be in :

Answer 7

1-morbidity
2-mortality
3-access to health care
4-health outcome

Question 8

What’s health out come in health economics?

Answer 8

The definition health out come in economics refers to the health care intervention weighted by the value assigned to the value

Question 9

What is the QALY?

Answer 9

Quality-adjust-life-year:
2 definitions:
1-a unit of measure of utility which combine life year which gained by the intervention of health or health care programs and the judgement od the quality of these life years
2-a common measure of the health improvement ,use in cost-utility analysis it measures life expectancy adjusted for the quality of life

Question 10

What is QOL?

Answer 10

Quality of life is a general well-being of individual and society ,outlines the positive and negative about life and the expectation of people about good life

Question 11

What Is the life satisfaction?

Answer 11

It’s QOL of the one’s subjective well-being

Question 12

What is LE?

Answer 12

Life expectancy :
Is the expected number of years remaining based based on the current age or the year they were born

Question 13

There’s a different variations in life expectancy among different parts of the world ,the mainly causes of this :

Answer 13

1- gender
2-health care services
3-medical care
4-culture
5-education
6-lifestyle behaviors
7-emerging diseases:HIV,cancer.

Question 14

Life expectancy is one of the factors measuring the human development index and country’s development regarding:(يعني معدل الاعمار بتعرف عن طريقه تطور الدول والبشر غيرهذا الدوله)

Answer 14

1-medical health care system
2-education
3-socioeconomic status
4-physical quality of life

Question 15

Life expectancy is one factor that measures the people development index and country’s development regarding:

Answer 15

1-education
2-health and medical services
3-socioeconomic status
4-physical quality of life

Question 16

What is the life span?

Answer 16

It’s the maximum length of live measures in a group,the length of person an individual lives

Question 17

What’s GBD?

Answer 17

Global burden of disease:
A comprehensive global ,national assessment of mortality and disability from disease ,injures and risk factors

Question 18

The GBD includes:

Answer 18

-identification of the most important health problems and
-if they are getting better or worse over time

Question 19

What do we mean by international health disparities?

Answer 19

-There’s a difference in health even between wealthiest countries between poor and rich
-And the international disparities between developed countries in health status indicators such as:
Life expectancy ,infant mortality ,incidence of the disease and deaths from injuries.
-Also differences in access to clean water and work conditions

Question 20

There’re a lot of reasons behind the disparities in the access to health care such as:

Answer 20

-lack of insurance coverage
-lack of a regular source of care such as medicines
-lack of financial resources
-structural barriers
-legal barriers
-the health care financing system
-scarcity of providers
-linguistic barriers
-health literacy
-age

Question 21

What is the results of the lack of insurance coverage?

Answer 21

People are more likely to:
-postpone medical care
-leave without needed medical care
-leave without needed medications

Question 22

What are the results of the lack of a regular source of health?

Answer 22

-more difficult to obtain care
-more difficult to obtain needed care
-low doctor visits
-people are more likely to use emergency rooms as a regular source of care

Question 23

Which reason of the reasons that led to disparities in access to health care is greater for minority populations?

Answer 23

Lack of financial resources

Question 24

Give three examples of structural barriers that affect on the access to health care?

Answer 24

1-poor transportation
2-being unable to schedule appointments
3-the excessive time spent in waiting rooms

Question 25

What are the legal barriers that affect on the access to health care?

Answer 25

Like the low income immigrated minorities who have no insurance coverage due to the policies in the country

Question 26

What do you mean by scarcity of providers?

Answer 26

It can limit the health care access due to the absence of primary providers ,specialists and diagnostic facilities.

Question 27

What are the linguistic barriers to access to health care?

Answer 27

Differences in languages may district access to health care for minority who talks in different languages

Question 28

What is health literacy?

Answer 28

Patients have problems obtaining, processing and understanding of basic health information

Question 29

How age is a disparity in accessing to health care?

Answer 29

-elderly people may have co -morbidity which make it expensive to pay for it
-most of the old people have impaired mobility in access to health care or poor transportation
-it’s hard for old people to access to health information to protect or develope their health

Question 30

2 factors are responsible of the differences of in health development in industrial countries:

Answer 30

Access to developed health care and access to developed medical heath services

Question 31

2 profound factors are responsible of the decreasing of the mortality from infectious diseases in 1900

Answer 31

The introduction of vaccination
The medical treatments

Question 32

The improvement in health took place in an areas in child hood such as:

Answer 32

-education
-food processing and availability
-housing
-health and social services
-safe employment and working conditions

Question 33

What’s the meaning of social justice?

Answer 33

A desirable equality in access to health when achieved leads to :
Equable (fair) access and exposure to social ,economic and political resources and opportunities and burdens and it’s consequences

Question 34

Equitable access in :

Answer 34

-Geographical access: over come the barriers of distance
-economic access : over come the barriers of cost
-cultural and social access: adequate and appropriate services
And no barriers for woman and disadvantage groups and the provider who deal with the patient fairly and equally according to his needs

Question 35

Governmental strategies to improve health :

Answer 35

1- investment in prevention
2- other governmental strategies

Question 36

What are the programs in investment in prevention :

Answer 36

1- provision and implementation of health policies such as tobacco control
2-promoting healthy behaviors such as smoking cessation
3-provision of primary health care services such as child and maternally services
4-preventing from communicable diseases
5-implementation of screening for health problems such as prenatal screening