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Question 1

when did the first classification of organisms happen?

Answer 1

2000 years ago

Question 2

the branch of biology that names and groups organisms according to their characteristics and evolutionary history

Answer 2

taxonomy

Question 3

genes that confer a particular trait are homologous and have been exchanged between distantly related lineages

Answer 3

horizontal gene transfer

Question 4

a trait has evolved independently in two or more lineages

Answer 4

convergent evolution

Question 5

a trait present in the common ancestor is subsequently lost in some lineages but retained in others

Answer 5

gene loss

Question 6

Functional diversity is the component of diversity that deals with diversity in form and function as it relates to ________________?

Answer 6

microbial physiology and ecology

Question 7

in binomial nomenclature, what does the second word of a scientific name refer to?

Answer 7

species

Question 8

Systematic taxonomists consider other evidence to confirm information contained
within the fossil record with other lines of evidence, like…

Answer 8

morphology, embryological patterns of development, chromosomes and macromolecules, cladistics

Question 9

this often provides clues to evolutionary relationships

Answer 9

fossil record

Question 10

it is a family tree that’s shows the evolutionary relationships thought to exist
between organisms

Answer 10

phylogenetic tree

Question 11

what is the system that organizes the tremendous diversity of organisms into a
phylogenetic tree?

Answer 11

systematics

Question 12

in binomial nomenclature, what does the first word of a scientific name refer to?

Answer 12

Genus

Question 13

what do modern taxonomists consider to classify organisms?

Answer 13

phylogeny

Question 14

modern taxonomists split species into subsets called?

Answer 14

varieties

Question 15

what are the 7 levels of organization?

Answer 15

kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Question 16

how many levels does the modern system of hierarchical organization has?

Answer 16

7

Question 17

Just like Aristotle’s main categories, Linnaeus first divided all organisms into two Kingdoms which were?

Answer 17

Plantae (plants) and Animalia (animals)

Question 18

what did Linnaeus use to categorize the organisms?

Answer 18

the organism’s morphology (form and structure)

Question 19

Linnaeus discovered a simple system for classifying and naming organisms which became the basis for modern taxonomy

Answer 19

Hierarchy

Question 20

who is the father of modern taxonomy?

Answer 20

Carolus Linnaeus

Question 21

why did Aristotle’s system become inadequate as new organisms were discovered?

Answer 21

1. ) categories were not specific enough
2. ) commons names did not describe a species accurately
3. ) names were long and hard to remember

Question 22

Aristotle placed the plants into three categories based on the differences of their?

Answer 22

stems

Question 23

what are the three groups of organisms based on Aristotle’s early system of classification?

Answer 23

land dwellers, water dwellers, air dwellers

Question 24

who made the first classification of organisms?

Answer 24

Aristotle

Question 25

Phylogenetic diversity is the component of diversity that deals with the _________ between microorganisms.

Answer 25

evolutionary relationships

Question 26

It is a system of taxonomy that

reconstructs phylogenies by inferring relationships based on similarities.

Answer 26

cladistics

Question 27

Cladistics focuses on a set of unique
characteristics found in a particular group of
organisms. These unique characteristics are called?

Answer 27

derived traits or derived characters

Question 28

it is a branching diagram which shows how a sequence in which different groups of organisms evolved

Answer 28

cladogram

Question 29

what are the three domains of living things?

Answer 29

archaea (archaebacteria), bacteria (eubacteria), eukarya (eukaryotes)

Question 30

what are the three domains of living things?

Answer 30

archaea (archaebacteria), bacteria (eubacteria), eukarya (eukaryotes)