Lec.3 Face And Scalp Flashcards
1
Q
The SCALP
1- The extent of the scalp anteriorly ……
Posteriorly ……… Laterally …….
- The common site for sebaceous cyst is ……..
Due to …….. - what makes the first 3 layers adherent …
- Covers the skull vault like a helmet …..
A
1- supraorbital margin
External occipital protuberance and highest nuchal Line
Superior temporal line
- Skin
Blockage of duct draining sebaceous gland - Septa of connective tissue
Divides it into partitions filled with fat - Aponeurosis
2
Q
ACCIDENTS IN SCALP
- Sebaceous cyst in ………. Due to …..
- Bleeding is profuse and need compression to stop, why ?
- ………….. Called the neurovascular plane of the scalp
- a wound reaching …….. Gaps and required sutures because of ….
- …………. called the dangerous layer, why?
- Hematoma in ……… Cause black eye, why?
- Hemorrhage beneath ………… Called cephal hematoma which takes the shape of underlying bone because ………
- Subgaleal hematoma due to collection of blood bet. ……. And …… , caused by ……
A
- Skin, blockage of duct draining sebaceous gland
- Due to CT septa and the rich vacularity of scalp
- Connective tissue layer
- Aponeurosis, Contraction of muscles
- Loose connective tissue, as its emissary veins can spread infection to cranial cavity.
- Loose connective tissue, as it is continuous anteriorly with upper eyelid!
- Periosteum, it is confined to each bone and firmly attached to sutures
- Periosteum and aponeurosis , rupture of the emissary veins.
3
Q
Layers characteristics:
- Site of sebaceous cyst ……….
- Neurovascular plane of scalp ……….
- The only layer which has bony attachment ….. To limit the movement of scalp
- Covers skull vault like a helmet …….
- Layer of gapping ……..
- Continues with upper eyelid ……. Causes black eye
- Dangerous layer of the scalp …….
- Caphal hematoma happens under …….
A
- Skin
- Connective tissue
- Aponeurosis
- Aponeurosis
- Aponeurosis
- Loose connective tissue
- Loose connective tissue
- Periosteum
4
Q
Blood supply of scalp:
5 ARTERIES..
3 PREAURICULAR & 2 POST AURICULAR
- Supraorbital ana supratrochlear are branches of ……. FROM …….
- Superficial temporal & posterior auricular & occipital are branches of …….
- Superficial temporal gives …….
- Posterior auricular gives ……..
- Occipital gives …….
- Passes above posterior belly of digastric …..
& ………. Passes below - ……….. Deep to parotid gland
- ……… Passes along superior nuchal Line and pierces trapezius
A
- Ophthalmic , ICA
- ECA
- 5 branches: Transverse facial, auricular, middle temporal, glandular, 2 terminal(frontal&parietal)
- 3 branches: auricular, occipital, stylomastoid
- 7 Branches: auricular, occipital, mastoid, sternomastoid, descending, muscular, meningeal.
- Posterior auricular & occipital
- Posterior auricular
- Occipital
5
Q
Nerve supply of the scalp :
10 nerves (5 PREAURICULAR & 5 retro auricular: 4 sensory &1 motor )
- All PREAURICULAR sensory nerves are From ……………
- All retro auricular sensory nerves are From ……………
- Supraorbital and supratrochlear are from ……
- ……………. Supplies non hairy part of Temporal region & from …….
- …………….. Supplies hairy part of Temporal region & from …….
- ……………. Supplies frontal belly
- ……………. Supplies occipital belly
- Supplies skin of scalp behind auricle …. & ….
- Supplies skin of scalp up to vertex ……..
- Supplies skin of lower part of occiput …….
A
- Trigeminal
- cervical spinal nerves
- Ophthalmic
- Zygomaticotemporal & maxillary
- Auriculotemporal & mandibular
- Temporal branch of facial
- Posterior auricular branch
- Great auricular (C2,3) &
lesser occipital (C2)
BOTH are FROM VENTRAL RAMI - Greater occipital (C2)
- Third occipital (C3)
BOTH are From DORSAL RAMI
6
Q
LYMPH DRAINAGE OF SCALP :
- PREAURICULAR region drained by ……….
- Postauricular region drained by ……..
A
- Parotid lymph nodes
2. Mastoid and occipital lymph nodes
7
Q
THE FACE layers
- ………. Contains blood vessels, nerves, muscles, small amounts of fat.
- Deep fascia is present in ……. & …….
A
- Superficial fascia
2. Parotid gland & buccinator muscle
8
Q
FACE blood supply
- ………… & ……….. Are considered the main supply of the face which are branches of ………
- …………. & ……… Supply the forehead which are branches of …………
- Maxillary artery gives 3 branches ………. & ……… & ………
- The cheif supply of the face ………
- Facial artery is tortuous why? …….
- It ends by anastomosing with ……..
- Branches …….
- Transverse facial arises from ….. Within parotid gland just above parotid duct
- Facial vein is connected with cavernous sinus via 2 routes …….. & ……….
A
- Facial & superficial temporal
ECA - Supratrochlear & supraorbital
ICA - Infraorbital & buccal & mental
- Facial artery
- To permit free movement of mandible,lips and cheeks
- Dorsal nasal artery (a branch of ophthalmic)
This is considered as anastomosis bet. ICA &ECA - 5 branches ( superior & inferior labial & lateral nasal & angular & unnamed small muscular )
- Superficial temporal artery
- Direct route ( to superior ophthalmic vein which drains in cavernous sinus)
Indirect route ( to pterygoid venous Plexus via the deep facial vein , then pterygoid venous Plexus is connected to cavernous sinus via 3 emissary veins)
9
Q
Dangerous area of the face
The triangular area of facial skin including upper lip, nose, medial angles of eye ..why??
A
If this area became infected, the infection would spread to the cavernous sinus causing its thrombosis.
10
Q
SENSORY NERVE SUPPLY OF FACE
- Skin of face is supplied mainly by ……..
- Angle of mandible and capsule of parotid gland and lobule of ear are supplied by …….
- Trigeminal gives …….. & …….. & …….
- Ophthalmic gives ……
- Maxillary gives ……..
- Mandibular gives ……..
A
- Trigeminal
- Great auricular (C2&C3)
- ophthalmic & maxillary & mandibular
- Supratrochlear & supraorbital & infra trochlear & palpebral br. Lacrimal & external nasal
- Zygomaticotemporal & zygomaticofacial & infraorbital (palpebral,nasal,labial)
- Auriculotemporal & buccal & mental
11
Q
SENSATIONS of Different REGION S in FACE
- ……….. & ………. supply forehead
- ……….. Supply lateral part of upper eyelid
- …………. Supply medial part of upper eyelid
- ………. Supply lower eyelid
- ………… Supply adjacent part of nose
- …………. Supply tip of nose
- …………… Supply ala of nose
- ……….. Supply upper lip
- ……….. Supply lower lip
- ……….. Non hairy part of Temporal region
- ………. Hairy part of Temporal region
- ……….. Supply zygomatic bone
- ……… Supply cheek over buccinator muscle
- ………. Supply chin
- ……… Supply auricle
- ……….. Supply lobule of ear
A
- Supraorbital & supratrochlear (ophthalmic)
- Palpebral br of lacrimal (ophthalmic)
- Infra trochlear (ophthalmic)
- Palpebral br of infraorbital (maxillary)
- Infra trochlear (ophthalmic)
- External nasal (ophthalmic)
- Nasal br of infraorbital (maxillary)
- Labial br. Of infraorbital ( maxillary)
- Mental (mandibular)
- Zygomaticotemporal (maxillary)
- Auriculotemporal (mandibular)
- Zygomaticofacial ( maxillary)
- Buccal (mandibular)
- Mental ( mandibular)
- Auriculotemporal
- Great auricular (C2&C3)
12
Q
MOTOR NERVE SUPPLY OF FACE
- facial nerve leaves skull through ……..
- Its branches in the neck …….. & …….
- ………. Supply occipital belly & auricular muscle
- muscular branch of facial nerve Supply ………. & ………
- Its route ………………….
- Its branches…………….
- ………. & ………. Supply orbicularis oculi
- …….. Supply orbicularis Oris and muscles of upper lip
- ………. Supply muscles of lower lip
- …………. Supply platysma
A
- The stylomastoid foramen
- Posterior auricular branch & muscular branch
- Posterior auricular branch of facial nerve
- Posterior belly of digastric & stylohyoid muscle
- Enters parotid gland , forms plexus called (pes anserinus) then divides into 5 terminal branches emerge from anterior border of the gland
- Temporal & zygomatic & buccal & mandibular & cervical
- Temporal & zygomatic
- Buccal
- Mandibular
- Cervical
13
Q
LYMPH DRAINAGE OF FACE
- Area Medial to facial arterey by ………
- Lateral by ……….
- Central part of lower lip & chin by …….
A
- Submandibular L.N
- Parotid L.N
- Submental L.N
14
Q
Muscles of facial expressions
- Present in ……..
- Developed from …………….
A
- Superficial fascia
2. Mesoderm of 2nd brachial (pharyngeal) arch
