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BS100 > Lec3: Exploring the Continent > Flashcards

Lec3: Exploring the Continent Flashcards

1
Q

Australian Antarctic Expedition:

  1. What year?
  2. Who lead it?
  3. What was the ship?
A
  1. 1911
  2. Douglas Mawson
  3. Aurora
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2
Q

From what island did Douglas Mawson’s AAE first depart, and what did they build here?

A

MacQuarie island , where they built a radiostation.

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3
Q

Who took the first plane to Antarctica, and from where did the flight depart? Also, what ended up happening to the plane?

A

Douglas Mawson took the first plane from MacQuarie island, but it broke down and had to be used as a propellor-driven snow tractor.

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4
Q

What two lands did Douglas Mawson find on his AAE?

A

Kind George V Land and Queen Mary Land.

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5
Q

Who were the three members of Douglas Mawson’s Far Eastern Party?

A

Mawson, Ninnis, Hertz

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6
Q

Who was the first to perish on the Far Eastern Party?How did he perish and how did this impact the party?

A

Ninnis fell into a crevasse, taking most of the food and supplies with him. This leaves Mawson and Hertz with 10 days worth of food for 500km.

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7
Q

After losing their food and supplies to their companion that fell in a crevasse, what did the remaining members of the Far Eastern Party (AAE) eat?

A

Their huskies, including the livers.

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8
Q

Who was the second member of the Far Eastern Party to perish (AAE) and how so?

A

Hertz grew increasingly delirious and later died of Hypervitamosis A (Vitamin A poisoning). Vit A is in high amounts in Husky livers.

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9
Q

Mawson encountered a blizzard as he drew nearer to the Aurora just as it was about to set sail. How much time did this leave him to cover how much distance?

A

10 days to cover 50km.

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10
Q

Where did Mawson have to overwinter after he missed the Aurora?

A

Cape Denison. (overwintered TWICE)

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11
Q

Imperial Transantarctic Expedition:

  1. What year?
  2. Who lead it?
  3. What was the ship?
A
  1. 1914
  2. Ernest Shackleton
  3. Endurance
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12
Q

From where did the Endurance depart and then land?

A

Departed South Georgia to land in Weddell Sea.

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13
Q

Who laid the Depots that Shackleton’s ITE planned to use to cross antarctica?

A

A support party from the Aurora.

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14
Q

Why was the crew of the Aurora that was designated to lay the depots for Shackleton’s ITE marooned?

A

Because the Aurora blew off its moorings, but the crew still managed to lay depots the following spring.

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15
Q

Where was the Endurance crushed by ice?

A

Weddell Sea.

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16
Q

After the endurance was crushed by ice, the crew took three lifeboats. What were the names of the boats, and what see did they cross to reach what destination?

A

Took the James Caird, Dudley Docker and Stancomb Willis, crossing Elephant Sea to reach Elephant Island.

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17
Q

After the crew of Shackleton’s ITE reached Elephant Island, which lifeboat did Shackleton take and what did he accomplish?

A

Took the James Caird to South Georgia and reached Stromness Whaling Station. From here, he rescued the remaining men from Elephant Island, with NO LOSS OF LIFE.

18
Q

What was the name of Shackleton’s final expedition?

A

Shackleton-Rowett Expedition.

19
Q

When, how and where did Shackleton die?

A

1922 of a Heart Attack, in South Georgia while on the Shackleton-Rowett Expedition.

20
Q

What event marked the end of the Heroic Age?

A

Death of Ernest Shackleton.

21
Q

In what year did the Wilkins-Hearst Expedition take place? Who was the pilot and what was the plane’s name?

A

In 1928, Carls Eielson and the Lockhead Veega.

22
Q

Where in Antarctica did the first Antarctic flight take place, and who did it involve?

A

Carl Eielson circled Deception Island.

23
Q

Where in Antartica did the era of aerial mapping begin and who did it involve?

A

Carls Eielson and Sir Hubert Wilkins flew down the Antarctic Peninsula.

24
Q

American Aerial Mapping Survey:

  1. When did it take place?
  2. Who was the pilot
  3. Where did he fly to?
A

In 1928, Richard Byrd flew to the South Pole.

25
Q

Transcontinental Flight:

  1. When did it take place?
  2. Who were the pilots?
  3. From where to where did they fly, and what mishaps did they encounter?
A
  1. 1935
  2. Lincoln Ellsworth and Herbert Hollick-Kenyon
  3. Antarctic Peninsula to Ross Sea, but they RAN OUT OF FUEL partway and had to complete the journey on foot to the Bay of Whales
26
Q

In terms of the global political climate during the Mechanised Age, what were the “two” key shifts in focus?

A

From Exploration to War, and war then shifted the focus from entrepreneurship to science (extensive infrastructure).

27
Q

What event reduced available funds during the mechanised age?

A

The Great Depression of the 1930s

28
Q

What was the purpose of Government’s funding expeditions?

A

To claim more territories.

29
Q

Technology advanced Whaling, allowing for a large-scale factory to be established in which Antarctic location?

A

Ross Sea

30
Q

Regarding the three main millitary operations in Antarctica:

  1. Name each and when it took place
  2. Give the associated national sector
A

1943: Operation Tabarin (British Navy)
1946: Operation Highjump (US Navy)
1955: Operation Deep Freeze (US millitary)

31
Q

What was the purpose of operation Tarbarin and where did they establish bases?

A

Antartic Peninsuala, where they conducted meteorology and reconnaissance.

32
Q

What was the purpose of Operation Highjump, and what was the name and purpose of the Operation immediately following it?

A
  1. Used lots of men and vehicles for Polar Expedition

2. Operation Windmill - surveying

33
Q

What was the purpose of Operation Deep Freeze?

A

To establish bases in McMurdo Sounds and the South Pole.

34
Q

When did the Commonwealth Transantarctic exhibition take place and who lead it?

A

1955, Vivian Fuchs

35
Q

The Commonwealth was built around what event, and when did this event take place?

A

IGY (International Geophysical Year) of 1957

36
Q

In terms of the CTE, which 3 locations did Hillary travel through to lay depots?

A

Scott’s Base to Skeleton Glacier to Polar Plateau

37
Q

What were Hillary’s achievements upon reaching the South Pole?

A
  1. 3rd to reach pole, and 1st after Robert Scott.

2. 1st to reach pole using LAND vehicles (Massey Ferguson tractors and a Weasel, which was abandoned).

38
Q

In what year did Vivian Fuchs reach the South Pole, and at which location did he meet up with Hillary?

A

1958, and met Hillary at Depot 700.

39
Q

From where to where did Vivian Fuchs travel during the CTE, and how much ground did he cover in how many days?

A

From the Weddell Sea to Ross Sea, covering 3500km over 100 days.

40
Q

What took place in 1970s in terms of Antarctic exploration?

A

Development of GPS.

BS100 (11 decks)

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