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BACTERIOLOGY FINALS > LEC.3 > Flashcards

LEC.3 Flashcards

1
Q

Gram-positive and spore-forming bacilli

A

Clostridium

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2
Q

most are strictly anaerobes
widely distributed in soil and water
some are normal flora in the GI tract of man and other animals

A

Clostridium

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3
Q

describe morphology of clostridium

A

Are endospore forming large Gram-positive bacilli

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4
Q

How do we acquire diseases from this group of organisms?

A

Through the inoculation of the bacilli spores, ibig sabihin nagkakaroon tayo ng sakit kapag nagmultiply yung mga spores. Or pwede ring ingestion.

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5
Q

C. perfringens aka

A

C. welchii
Bacillus aerogenes capsulatus
Gas gangrene bacillus

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6
Q

Do not produce spores in ordinary media

A

C.perfringens

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7
Q

has spores located at the terminal end of the cell

A

C.tetani

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8
Q

C. tetani has spores located at the terminal end of the cell, giving it a characteristic

A

tack-head, drumstick, lollipop, and tennis racket appearance

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9
Q

C.tetani aka

A

tack-head bacillus

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10
Q

all clostridium are motile except

A

C.perfringens

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11
Q

type of media used for isolation of clostridium spp.

A

nonselective,selective, and liquid media

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12
Q

supplemented anaerobic Blood Agar

A

Nonselective

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13
Q

C.perfringens hemolysis in nonselective media

A

double zone of hemolysis

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14
Q

double zone of hemolysis

A

beta hemolysis surrounded by alpha hemolysis

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15
Q

Egg yolk agar

A

nonselective,differential

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16
Q

nonselective,differential media allows differentiation based on

A
  1. Lecithinase(white precipitate)
  2. Lipase(sheen around surface of colonies)
  3. Protease production(clearing)
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17
Q

C.botulinum aka

A

canned good bacillus

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18
Q

agent of canned good-bacillus-botulism

A

C.botulinum

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19
Q

example of antigenic toxin produce by botulinum

A

botulism toxin

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20
Q

different type of toxins of C.botulinum

A

Type A
Type B
Type E
Type F
Type G

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21
Q

most common and potent type of toxin in c. botulinum

A

Type A

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22
Q

Toxins of botulinum block release of

A

acetylcholine

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23
Q

C.botulinum causes

A

flaccid paralysis

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24
Q

It works at the neuromuscular junction and in the
autonomic nervous system to prevent the release of
the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.

A

C.botulinum

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25
Q

part of C.botulinum cleaves proteins that mediate the fusion
of synaptic vesicles with the cell membrane and the
subsequent release of acetylcholine.

A

toxic part

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26
Q

Symptoms appear [C.botulinum]

A

18-24 hours after toxin ingestion

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27
Q

[C.botulinum] visual disturbances

A

inability to swallow, speech
difficulties, bulbar paralysis(ptosis

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28
Q

usually caused by respiratory
paralysis(diaphragm), cardiac arrest

A

Death

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29
Q

In infants: poor feeding, weakness and the characteristic
flaccid paralysis is found caused by [C.botulinum]

A

hypotonia

30
Q

C.botulinum may also cause

A

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

31
Q

the organism germinates in the wound abscess

A

Wound botulism

32
Q

TRIAD OF BOTULISM

A

Symmetric descending flaccid paralysis(with
prominent bulbar involvement)
Absence of fever
Intact sensorium

33
Q

[C.botulinum] Demonstration of toxin by

A

passive hemagglutination or radioimmunoassay

34
Q

[C.botulinum] adults specimen of choice

A

Serum and left-over food

35
Q

[C.botulinum] Infants specimen of choice

A

stool

36
Q

Anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming rod

A

C.tetani
C.perfringens
C.difficile

37
Q

Disease is tetanus with characteristic [C.tetani]

A

backward arching of the back muscles

38
Q

C.tetani toxin is produced by

A

vegetative cells that reaches the
CNS

39
Q

C.tetani virulence factors

A

spores
glycine
gamma-aminobutyric acid

40
Q

[C.tetani] terminally located, therefore germinate under
anaerobic conditions

A

Spores

41
Q

[C.tetani] inhibits muscle contraction

A

Glycine
Gamma-aminobutyric acid

42
Q

Lockjaw

A

trismus

43
Q

Risus sardonicus

A

patient has a distorted grin

44
Q

Opisthotonus

A

Arching of the back

45
Q

two enterotoxins proiduced [C.tetani]

A

A hemolysin
Tetanospasmin

46
Q

can travel to the CNS humorally through blood and lymph, or neurally through tissue spaces of the peripheral nerves

A

Tetanospasmin

47
Q

Accounts for the lockjaw and opisthotonus

A

Tetanospasmin

48
Q

C. perfringens invasive infection

A

myonecrosis and gas gangrene

49
Q

C.perfringens produces an enterotoxin which is a common cause of

A

food poisoning

50
Q

C.perfringens appearance on BAP

A

double zone of hemolysis around colonies

51
Q

Nonmotile but with rapidly spreading growth on culture
media

A

C.perfringens

52
Q

Produces milky or stormy fermentation due to the excessive gas production

A

Milk Media

53
Q

C.perfringens Virulence Factors

A

Lecithinase
Alpha Toxin
Delta/Theta Toxin

54
Q

When grown in EYA, there is a white precipitate

A

Lecithinase

55
Q

Responsible for incomplete hemolysis in C.perfringens

A

Alpha toxin

56
Q

Responsible for complete hemolysis in C.perfringens

A

Delta/Theta toxin

57
Q

Localized edema and erythema with gas formation in
soft tissue, and generally not painful

A

Cellulitis

58
Q

Accumulation of pus in muscle planes without muscle
necrosis or systemic symptoms

A

Suppurative Myositis

59
Q

Infection spreads 1-3 days to produce crepitation
(cracking or rattling sound) in the subcutaneous tissue
and muscle

A

Myonecrosis

60
Q

discharge rapidly progressing necrosis and fever

A

foul-smelling

61
Q

Myonecrosis leads to

A

Toxemia,shock, and death

62
Q

Acute necrotizing destruction of the jejunum with
abdominal pain, vomiting, blood diarrhea and
peritonitis

A

Necrotizing Enteritis

63
Q

C.perfringens specimen

A

material from wounds, pus, and tissue

64
Q

Special Stain C.perfringens

A

gram positive rod with sporeS

65
Q

C.perfringens Reverse CAMP test

A

positive

66
Q

final phase by which viral cells infect cells

A

cytopathic effect

67
Q

potent enterotoxin, cytotoxic activity, binds to
the brush borders of the GUT at the receptor site

A

Toxin A

68
Q

potent cytotoxin

A

Toxin B

69
Q

MOT C.difficile

A

fecal-oral route

70
Q

Non-bloody diarrhea associated with
pseudomembranes Yellow-White Plaques on the
colonic mucosa.

A

PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS

71
Q
A

BACTERIOLOGY FINALS (2 decks)

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