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pharm > Lec1 > Flashcards

Lec1 Flashcards

1
Q

book that describes materials used in medical practice

A

pharmacopeial compendium

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2
Q

who wrote first european pharmacopeial compendium describing beliefs and practices of ancient engyptian medicine in 1550s

A

Ebers Papyrus

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3
Q

who described the death of socrates from poison hemlock in 350 - i.e. described toxicities of botanical materials

A

plato

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4
Q

what did these toxic plants contain

A

coniine

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5
Q

who in 1st century AD wrote 5-volume de materia medica (pharmacopeia describing therapeutic substances used for 1500 years)

A

dioscorides

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6
Q

what is the source of morphine and other alkoloids

A

opium poppy

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7
Q

who was the father of modern medicine

A

hippocrates

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8
Q

what is the humoral theory of diseases

A

relationship bn humours, elements, qualities, temperaments and organs that they’re associated with that explains cause of disease from an imbalance in humours

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9
Q

what are humours

A

blood
phlegm
yellow bile
black bile

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10
Q

who introduced the humoral therory of disease and who expanded it

A

hippocrates 5th c BC then Galen 2nd c AD

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11
Q

who linked humours to elements

A

galen

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12
Q

who proposed the solidist theory (doesnt reject humoral but realized something else was important)

A

hoffman

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13
Q

what did the 18th c solidist theory of disease do

A

rationalize drug treatment based on sedative bs stimulant properties

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14
Q

what are the 5 european advances in the 16th c

A 
apothecaries for drug formulation
pharmacopeias
dose-dependence of drug effects 
paracelsus contributions (physician)
alternatives to humoral theory
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15
Q

how are homeopathy and galens idea different

A

homeopathy - use drug that causes symptoms like those observed w the disease

galen counteracted the imbalances of the disease with drugs

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16
Q

who founded homeopathy in 1700s

A

hahneman

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17
Q

who had a theory of miasms as cause of disease

A

hahneman

18
Q

benefit of homeopathies?

A

didnt cause side effects like blood-letting, purging, blistering bc it was basically a placebo

19
Q

how was homeopathy basically a placebo

A

bc used a dilute drug solution many-fold prior to administration

20
Q

late 18th c originated clinical pharm where

A

administered drugs to groups of human subjects and documented the effects

21
Q

what did william withering, MD study

A

the differing formulations of foxglove for dropsy (heart failure)

22
Q

who’s clinical trial was considered the first bc it was published

A

william withering

23
Q

who studed the efficacy of 6-acid containing substances on recovery from scurvy in british naval seamen

A

james lind

24
Q

what helped recovery from scurvy

A

citrus fruit like lime (ascorbic acid)

25
Q

what did 19th c achievements in chemistry lead to

A

isolation of active drug from botanical sources

26
Q

who isolated morphine from opium in 1806

A

serturner

27
Q

mid 19th c provided

A

tools for analysis of drug effects and their mechanisms

28
Q

who was the first to demonstrate and explain how a drug produces its action in the body

A

professor claude bernard

29
Q

what did bernard use to explore physiologic phenomenon

A

botanical poisons as tools

30
Q

what effect does curare have

A

paralytic

31
Q

bernard concluded that the target site of curare is the

A

neuromuscular junction

32
Q

what does curare act on

A

nicotinic ACH receptor to cause skeletal musle paralysis

33
Q

first lab of pharmacology (mid 1800s)

A

rudolf buchheims home

34
Q

Father of American Pharmacology is

but the Father of Modern Pharmacology is

A

american - Dr Abel

modern - Dr. Schmiedeberg

35
Q

what did schmiederberg discover (2 things)

A
  1. muscarine from amanita muscaria mimicked the effects of vagal (decr hr) nerve stimulation on HR
  2. belladonna (atropine) blocked effects of muscarine and vagal nerve stimulation on HR
36
Q

schmiedeberg concluded that the target site of muscarine is the

A

cardiac site where vagus terminates

37
Q

who founded ASPET and its journal JPET

A

Dr. abel

38
Q

what did Abel isolate

A

epinephrine

39
Q

who opened research labs in US around the founding of the FDA

A

patent medicine manufacturers

40
Q

who ushered in era of chemo and made concept of receptors

A

ehrlich

41
Q

who discovered penicillin-producing mold in 1928

A

sir alexander fleming

42
Q

who made the 1st synthetic agent effective as an antibiotic drug

A

gerhard domagk

pharm (6 decks)

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