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MT 6325 > [LEC] UNIT 3_Acute Leukemias > Flashcards

[LEC] UNIT 3_Acute Leukemias Flashcards

1
Q

stepwise progression of mutations

A

leukemia

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2
Q

Gain of function mutations

A

Protooncogenes

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3
Q

Loss of function mutations

A

Tumor suppressor genes

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4
Q

Hinder in differentiation is also termed

A

maturation block or arrest

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5
Q

limit the proliferation by controlling the cell cycle

A

Tumor suppressing genes

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6
Q

Major symptoms of leukemia

A

SWAFT

Sweating
Weight loss
Anemia
Fever
Thrombocytopenia

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7
Q

Based primarily on morphology and cytochemical
staining of blasts

A

French American British Classification

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8
Q

FAB: More than ____ blasts suffice for the diagnosis of
acute leukemia

A

> 30%

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9
Q

Emphasizes molecular and cytogenetic changes
Morphology, cytochemistry, immunophenotype,
genetics, and clinical features

A

WHO

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10
Q

WHO: More than or equal to _____ blasts suffice for the
diagnosis of acute leukemia

A

≥20%

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11
Q

standard of diagnosis

A

WHO classification

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12
Q

Application of biochemical stains to blood and bone
marrow cells

A

cytochemical stains

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13
Q

Stains peroxidase (primary granules) present in the
granulocytes (myeloblast, promyelocyte, and
continuing throughout maturation), and Auer Rods

A

Myeloperoxidase stain

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14
Q

T or F: Lymphocytes do not exhibit MPO activity so ALL is MPO negative

A

T

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15
Q

Peroxidase activity produces ___________
granules/precipitate in the cytoplasm of
granulocytes

A

dark brown/black

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16
Q

Myeloperoxidase enzyme deteriorates; stain should
be done only in fresh specimen anticoagulant with

A

EDTA or heparin

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17
Q

Stains lipids present in granulocytes and in
monocytes

A

Sudan Black B

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18
Q

SBB produces ________ granules

A

Dark purple-black

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19
Q

Can be done in stored specimens (air-dried bone
marrow smear)

A

SBB

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20
Q

Used to differentiate myeloblasts and granulocytes
from cells of monocytic origin

A

Esterases

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21
Q

Stains esterases (Chloroacetate esterase) present in
the primary granules of granulocytes

A

Naphthol AS-D Chloroacetate Esterase (NASDCA)

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22
Q

T or F: Myeloblasts and Auer Rods show a negative reaction in NASDCA

A

F
positive

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23
Q

NASDCA produces _______ granules in the cytoplasm of neutrophils and precursors

A

bright red

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24
Q

Stable enzyme that last for months

A

NASDCA

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25
Air dried blood or bone marrow smears or blood anticoagulated with EDTA or heparin
NASDCA
26
Marker for monocytes, promonocytes, and monoblasts, megakaryocytes
Alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE)
27
ANAE: Enzyme activity results in _______ precipitates in cytoplasm
dark red
28
Used to differentiate monocytic cells and megakaryocytic cells in ANAE
Sodium fluoride
29
Tests positive for Sodium Fluoride in ANAE
Megakaryocytes
30
Marker for glycogen glycoproteins, mucoproteins, and high molecular weight carbohydrates
Periodic Acid Schiff
31
(-) AML, (+) ALL, (+) Erythroblast
PAS
32
shows block or chunky pattern
Lymphoblasts
33
L negative in PAS
L3
34
L3 is actually a leukemic transformation of
Burkitt's lymphoma
35
(+) FAB M6 Erytholeukemia/ Di Guglielmo syndrome
PAS
36
There is a presence of both immature forms of RBCs andf myelocytic cells (AML)
FAB M6 erythroleukemia / Di Guglielmo syndrome
37
Stains ACP present in lymphocytes
Acid phosphatase
38
Only hairy cells from hairy cell leukemia are resistant to inhibition with
tartrate
39
Hairy cell: Meaning of TRAP
Tartrae resistant acid phosphatase
40
Positive result of NAP
blue ppt
41
LAP detects Detects alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity in primary granules of what wbc
neutrophils
42
LAP requires fresh specimen anticoagulated with
heparin
43
LAP score is aka
Kaplow count
44
How many neutrophils are counted for LAP score
100
45
T or F: The darker the ppt in LAP, the lower the rating
F higher
46
LAP Results: ■ Less than ___ = decreased LAP score
10
47
LAP Results: ■ More than ___ = increased LAP score
100
48
Used to differentiate CML from neutrophilic leukemoid reaction
LAP score
49
Decreased LAP score (< 10):
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) Viral infections Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)
50
Increased LAP score (> 100):
Neutrophilic leukemoid reaction (bacteria infection) Polycythemia vera (PV) Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia (MMM) Essential Thrombocythemia Third trimester pregnancy
51
T or F: in chronic cases, leykocytes are always elevated
T
52
T or F: Leukemoid rxn is not a blood disorder
T
53
CD markers: HSC
CD34
54
CD markers: Myeloid
CD13 CD33 CD15 CD45RO CD43 CD117
55
CD markers: Monocytic lineage
CD14 CD11b CD11c CD64
56
CD markers: Erythroblast
CD45 CD64 CD71
57
CD markers: Megakaryoblast
CD41 CD42b CD61
58
CD markers: Precursor/B-lineage
CD79a CD10 (CALLA) Terminal deoxyribonucleic transferase (TdT) CD19
59
CD markers: Precursor/T-lineage
CD3 CD2 (e-rosette receptor) CD5 CD7 TdT
60
CD Markers: Immature T-cell
Both or Neither CD4 and CD8
61
CD Markers: Mature T-cell
Have one or the other; but not both: CD4 T-helper cell; CD8 T-cytotoxic cell

MT 6325 (4 decks)

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