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PHA6131, 6133 3RD SHIFT > (LEC) Oral Care Products > Flashcards

(LEC) Oral Care Products Flashcards

1
Q

Oral Care leader in market

A

Colgate-Palmolive Phils.

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2
Q

Most complex and most accessible microbial ecosystem of the human body

A

Human Oral Cavity

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3
Q

Main parts of Oral Cavity

A

○ Gingiva (gum)
○ Buccal mucosa (lip and cheek lining)
○ Floor of the mouth
○ Tongue
○ Retromolar trigone
○ Soft palate
○ Hard palate
○ Teeth
○ Lip

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4
Q

Visible part that extends above the gum (gingiva)

A

Crown

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5
Q

Sits in the upper or lower jawbone, remains invisible until the recession of the gum exposes some root surfaces

A

Root

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6
Q

The boundary between root and crown

A

Neck

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7
Q

____________ is the mucosa that covers the upper and lower jaws and surrounds the neck of the teeth

A

Gingiva

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8
Q

A soft connective tissue containing nerves and blood vessels from the root canal.

A

Dental cavity (pulp cavity)

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9
Q

The perception of pain originates in this area

A

Dental cavity (pulp cavity)

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10
Q

__________ is used to measure the hardness

A

Mohs scale

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11
Q

Enamel rating on the Mohs scale

A

5

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12
Q

Hardest substance in the human body

A

Enamel

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13
Q

(T/F) Enamel prevents the tooth from wearing away under the pressure of chewing

A

True

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14
Q

Composition of enamel which starts to dissolve
below pH 5.5

A

calcium hydroxyapatite

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15
Q

(T/F) Demineralization and remineralization impacts enamel hardness and strength

A

True

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16
Q

(T/F) Demineralization starts at pH 5.5. As a result, calcium hydroxyapatite is dissolved and the calcium and phosphate properties is removed from the enamel

A

True

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17
Q

_________________ is the reverse process of demineralization because it restores the calcium and phosphate properties of the enamel

A

Remineralization

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18
Q

Yellowish bone-like layer surrounding the dental cavity

A

Dentin

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19
Q

(T/F) Dentin forms the smallest portion of the tooth

A

True.

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20
Q

(T/F) Dentin is less porous, softer, more sensitive, and less susceptible to decay and wear if exposed

A

False. It is more porous, and more susceptible.

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21
Q

Special connective tissue that covers the dentin at the root

A

Cementum

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22
Q

Binds the roots of the teeth firmly to the gums and jawbone and anchored in the jaw by the peridontal ligament

A

Cementum

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23
Q

Main component of Enamel

A

Hydroxyapatite

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24
Q

pH that would dissolve hydroxyapatite (DEmineralization)

A

pH LESS 5.5

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25
Q

(T/F) Dissolution of hydroxyapatite weakens the enamel.

A

True

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26
Q

Counter process of demineralization

A

Remineralization

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27
Q

Between meals, _______ can trigger remineralization

A

saliva

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28
Q

pH for REmineralization

A

pH MORE than 5.5

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29
Q

Plaque

A

Dental Biofilm

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30
Q

Sticky, colorless film of bacteria and sugars that form on the teeth

A

Plaque

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31
Q

(T/F) Plaque is readily removed through brushing

A

True

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32
Q

Disease resulting in the breakdown and destruction of the enamel due to demineralization

A

Dental caries

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33
Q

If the plaque is not removed, so the sugars in drinks and foods remain in the teeth + cariogenic bacteria from the plaque will lead to the formation of acid, which lower pH and demineralization will occur

A

Formation of dental caries

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34
Q

Hardened plaque that causes yellowish-brown discoloration to the teeth

A

Dental calculus

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35
Q

(T/F) Dental calculus can also be removed by brushing.

A

False. It cannot be removed by brushing. It requires assistance from a dental care professional to be removed

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36
Q

Inflammation of the gums

A

Gingivitis

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37
Q

(T/F) Gingivitis can be remedied without treatment.

A

True

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38
Q

Infection of gums that can progress to affect the bone that surround and support the teeth.

A

Periodontitis

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39
Q

(T/F) Periodontitis requires professional help.

A

True

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40
Q

Brief episode of sharp well-localized pain when subjected to various stimuli

A

Tooth sensitivity

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41
Q

Stimulus for tooth sensitivity

A

Cold food

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42
Q

Dental stains

A

Teeth discoloration

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43
Q

Are spots or smaller areas on the teeth contrasting with the rest of the teeth color

A

Dental stains

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44
Q

(Dental stains: type of coloration) Deep discoloration of teeth

A

Intrinsic

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45
Q

(Dental stains: type of coloration) Discoloration of the surface of the teeth

A

Extrinsic

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46
Q

Cause of intrinsic coloration

A

Tetracycline

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47
Q

Cause of extrinsic coloration

A

Food with color

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48
Q

Halitosis

A

Bad breath

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49
Q

Occurs because of the limited saliva production, which results in the concentration of the bacteria that results to malodor

A

Morning Breath

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50
Q

(T/F) Oral malodor is due to foods, alcohol, tobacco, or disease

A

True

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51
Q

(T/F) In ACD Guidelines, toothpastes and mouthwash are classified as cosmetic products.

A

True

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52
Q

Oral dentrifice

A

Toothpaste

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53
Q
A
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54
Q

Paste or gel designed to help remove plaque and stains from the teeth, and keep breath fresh.

A

Toothpaste

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55
Q

Improves mechanical brushing and cleaning power of a toothbrush

A

Toothpaste

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56
Q

Oral or Mouth Rinse

A

Mouthwash

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57
Q

(T/F) Mouthwash are used after brushing for more effective cleaning effect

A

True

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58
Q

Liquid designed to refresh the breath and enhance oral hygiene

A

Mouthwash

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59
Q

Make teeth brighter in dental office settings or salons

A

Tooth Whitening products

60
Q

Tooth whitening products are also called _____________

A

Bleaching products

61
Q

Contains ingredients that remove teeth discoloration

A

Tooth whitening products

62
Q

Mild abrasive powder used with a toothbrush

A

Tooth powder

63
Q

Thin filament used to remove debris and bacterial film caught between the teeth and between teeth and gums

A

Dental Floss

64
Q

Change in the appearance of the enamel which may vary from barely noticeable white spots to staining and pitting

A

Dental Fluorosis

65
Q

may be caused by too much fluoride consumption in children

A

Dental Fluorosis

66
Q

(T/F) In dental fluorosis, spots and stains left on the teeth are temporary

A

False. Spots and stains left on the teeth are PERMANENT and may darken over time

67
Q

Desired characteristics for toothpaste

A

● Pleasant taste and smell
● Provide fresh and clean sensation after every use
● Remove debris, plaque, and stains
● Foams well
● Pleasant mouthfeel: non-sticky, and good texture
● Attractive appearance: with appropriate gloss, bubble-free, and
homogenous color

68
Q

Mild cosmetic detergent for cleaning the teeth

A

Toothpaste

69
Q

Intended to freshen the breath and remove deposits from the teeth

A

Toothpaste

70
Q

Provide protection of teeth from cavities, calculus formation, and gum diseases

A

Toothpaste

71
Q

Insoluble inorganic ingredients that clean and polish teeth to remove debris and residual surface stains

72
Q

(T/F) Phosphate-based abrasives should be avoided in toothpastes containing sodium fluoride since formation of an insoluble calcium salt decrease active fluoride concentration.

A

False. Calcium-based abrasives dapat

73
Q

toothpaste ingredient that aid in cleaning and foaming

A

Surfactants

74
Q

These are used to maintain the integral stability of the paste, prevent sedimentation of abrasives, and provide toothpaste formulations with specific rheological property

A

Thickeners/Binders

75
Q

Hydrophilic colloids that disperse and swell in the water phase of the toothpaste

A

Thickeners/Binders

76
Q

Used to neutralize thickeners, e.g. sodium hydroxide

A

pH Regulators

77
Q

Thickener that requires neutralization

78
Q

Prevent paste from drying out, locking of the cap to the nozzle, and hardening to an unacceptable level

79
Q

Provide shine and some plasticity to the paste

80
Q

Vehicle for all toothpaste formulations

81
Q

________________ are needed because water is one of the main ingredients.

A

Preservatives

82
Q

(T/F) Water is used to disperse thickeners, dissolve components, mix liquids,
and act as carrier for other ingredients

83
Q

Prevent microbiological growth in water-based formulations

A

Preservatives

84
Q

Preservatives used in toothpaste formulation

A

parabens, sodium benzoate, phenoxyethanol

85
Q

Important for product acceptability

A

Sweetening agents

86
Q

(T/F) Sweetening agents are used in high concentrations and for masking the taste of raw materials.

A

False. Used in low concentrations.

87
Q

(T/F) The sweetening agent sodium saccharin’s sweetness contribute to dental caried because they are not fermented by bacteria and can lead to dental caries.

A

False. Although Sodium saccharin sweetness may be hundreds to thousand times sweeter than table sugar, they do not contribute to dental caries because they are not fermented by
the microflora of the dental plaque.

88
Q

(T/F) Sucrose can also be used as a sweetening agent in toothpaste.

A

False. Sucrose cannot be used because it can be fermented by bacteria and can lead to dental carries.

89
Q

One of the most expensive components and most crucial in view of customer preferences

A

Flavoring agent

90
Q

Flavors dominating toothpastes: adult and children

A

Adult: Mint
Children: Bubble gum and fruity aroma

91
Q

These agents maybe added to the paste as a whole or to only a small part to make colored striped products

A

Coloring agents

92
Q

Added for antibacterial, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory effects, cleansing, whitening, and masking of bad breath

A

Natural Ingredients

93
Q

Components that prevent cavities, strengthen the tooth enamel and remineralize tooth decay

A

Anticaries component

94
Q

______________ initiates and speeds up remineralization and slows down demineralization

95
Q

Allowable total fluoride for 2 years old and above

A

850-1150 ppm

96
Q

Allowable total fluoride for 6 years and above

97
Q

Antiseptics or antimicrobials that kill or inhibit bacteria causing plaque and gingivitis

A

Antiplaque and antigingivitis components

98
Q

___________ acts by antibacterial effect and inhibitory effect on bacterial enzymes

A

Stannous fluoride

99
Q

(T/F) Triclosan is also used in toothpaste formulations

100
Q

Used to protect exposed tooth surfaces and the gingival margin

A

Anti hypersensitivity agents

101
Q

Used to protect exposed tooth surfaces and the gingival margin

A

Anti hypersensitivity agents

102
Q

____________ and _____________ and ____________ reduce the permeability of dentin (covers the pulp cavity) and prevent the nerve endings from
being stimulated

A
  • Strontium chloride
  • Stannous fluoride (at 0.454%)
  • Calcium sodium phosphosilicate
103
Q

Anticalculus / Tartar control ingredient are also known as

A

Crystal growth inhibitors

104
Q

Prevent calculus formation on the surface of the teeth through controlling mineralization

A

Anticalculus / Tartar control ingredient

105
Q

Non-bleaching whitening products contain agents that work by physical or chemical action to help remove surface stains only.

A

Whitening agents

106
Q

Abrasives may provide whitening action as they
remove stains from the teeth.

A

Physical Whitening ingredients

107
Q

Positively-charged ingredients like SHMP may bind to negatively-charged stain molecules

A

Chemical Whitening ingredients

108
Q

(T/F) Bleaching agents change the natural tooth color

A

True. They contain peroxides like hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide that
help remove deep (intrinsic) and surface (extrinsic) stains

109
Q

(T/F) Antimalodor ingredients action is temporary.

A

True, because saliva can quickly wash away flavoring ingredients

110
Q

Antibacterial agents may be used to kill bacteria-causing bad breath. Include triclosan, zinc, and stannous fluoride

A

Antimalodor ingredients

111
Q

Behave as solid at rest, and start to move as viscous fluid when a minimum force (yield stress) is applied on them

A

Bingham plastic

112
Q

Shear thinning

A

Pseudoplastic

113
Q

(T/F) Pseudoplastic stays viscous until force is applied

114
Q

(T/F) Even if you do not apply any stress in pseudoplastics, it flows.

A

True. It flows faster when yield stress exceeds.

115
Q

Clear, colored solution used to refresh the breath by swishing the product around the mouth, followed by spitting it out

116
Q

May help prevent tooth decay, gingivitis, plaque formation, or tartar formation

117
Q

Acts as vehicle for the other ingredients

118
Q

This solvent has antibacterial activity, acts as astringent, and contributes to fresh feeling. It ay also help stabilize the product by solubilizing flavoring oils.

119
Q

(T/F) Humectants inhibit crystallization around the closure

120
Q

Increases product viscosity and produces good mouthfeel

A

Humectants

121
Q

Used to solubilize flavoring oils and stabilize the product

A

Surfactants

122
Q

(T/F) Surfactants provide foaming action on use, and contribute to cleansing effect

123
Q

Astringents

A

Serve as temporary deodorizers that mask bad breath

124
Q

Protect water/humectant system from microbial growth

A

Preservatives

125
Q

These provide refreshing effect and pleasant note over the breath aroma

A

Flavoring agents

126
Q

Effectively reduces plaque formation and
gingivitis in mouthwash. May stain the teeth, modify taste, and increase calculus formation.

A

Chlorhexidine

127
Q

(T/F) Cetylpyridinium chloride may be inactivated by anionic surfactants, and is not recommended after brushing because it is cationic

A

Antiplaque/ Antigingivitis agents

128
Q

(T/F) Antiplaque/ Antigingivitis agents include essential oils and triclosan.

129
Q

Involves an oxidative process that alters the light absorbing or light reflecting nature of the tooth structure, thereby increasing
perception of whiteness

A

Tooth whitening aids

130
Q

(T/F) Whitening effect is produced by free radical produced by hydrogen peroxide interacting with the pigment molecules

131
Q

(T/F) Tooth powders are difficult to apply to the brush, does not provide pleasant
brushing experience, and foaming activity

132
Q

Physical mix of dental abrasive, flavor, foaming aid used with a toothbrush

A

Tooth powders

133
Q

Filament that clean areas in the oral cavity, which are
more difficult to reach with a toothbrush

A

Dental floss

134
Q

(T/F)

A

Dentists recommend flossing prior to brushing to allow the fluoride to reach between the teeth

135
Q

Dental floss are made from

A

Waxed/non-waxed nylon, Teflon filaments, or plastic monofilaments

136
Q

Strip of waxed/non-waxed nylon or polyethylene fiber

A

Dental tape

137
Q

Has a very thin almost rectangular cross section that helps clean wider spaced between the teeth compared to the floss.

A

Dental tape.

138
Q

Performance parameters

A
  • Antibacterial activity
  • Whitening Activity
  • Hypersensitivity Reduction
139
Q

In vitro test is performed using oral pathogens like Streptococcus mutans, Peptostreptococcus micros, Lactobacillus casei, Streptococcus salivarius, and Streptococcus oralis using the agar well diffiusion method

A

Antibacterial Activity

140
Q

Method used in In Vitro Antibacterial Activity

A

Agar well diffusion

141
Q

(T/F) In the in vivo test for antimicrobial activity, human volunteers use toothpaste or
mouthwash formulations for a predetermined period of time.

142
Q

(T/F) Saliva samples only during the study are inoculated on plates, aerobically or anaerobically, and microbial colonies are counted and compared.

A

False. Before, during, and after.

143
Q

This parameter involved performing on teeth removed from animals and stained and treated with whitening product.

A

Whitening activity

144
Q

(T/F) Color in whitening parameter is evaluated using FTIR analysis and image analysis.

A

False. Evaluated using a spectrophotometer, colorimeter, or by image analysis

145
Q

Product evaluation is conducted by dental professionals in a clinical study that would determine the efficacy of a desensitizing product compared to placebo, negative, or positive control

A

Hypersensitivity Reduction

PHA6131, 6133 3RD SHIFT (7 decks)

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