[Lec] MU5.2: Systemic Mycoses (Olanotes)

Question 1

fungal infections that affect internal organs and tissues, often spreading throughout the body

Answer 1

Systemic Mycoses

Question 2

T/F:
Systemic mycoses affect individuals even with healthy immune systems.

Answer 2

T

Question 3

Systemic mycoses:
inhalation of _______ from the environment

Answer 3

spores
(airborne conidia)

Question 4

Systemic Mycoses:
After inhalation, the infection typically starts in the ______ but can disseminate to other organs such as the liver, spleen, skin, and central nervous system.

Answer 4

lungs

Question 5

What species:
found in moist soil and decaying organic matter

Answer 5

Blastomyces dermatitidis

Question 6

What species:
affects the lungs and can spread to the skin, bones, and other organs

Answer 6

Blastomyces dermatitidis

Question 7

What species:
endemic in desert regions

Answer 7

Coccidioides spp. (C. immitis, C. posadasii)

Question 8

What species:
infection may remain localized to the lungs or disseminate to the skin, bones, and central nervous system

Answer 8

Coccidioides spp. (C. immitis, C. posadasii)

Question 8

What species:
commonly found in soil contaminated with bird or bat droppings

Answer 8

Histoplasma capsulatum

Question 9

What species:
infection can spread from the lungs to the liver, spleen, and bone marrow

Answer 9

Histoplasma capsulatum

Question 10

What species:
found in South and Central America

Answer 10

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

Question 11

What species:
lead to chronic respiratory disease and may spread to other organs like the skin and lymph nodes

Answer 11

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

Question 12

What species:
inflammatory nodules
pus-forming
pneumonia-like symptoms

Answer 12

Blastomyces dermatitidis

Question 13

What species:
frequently involved in outdoor activities, higher prevalence in men could also be due to behavioral or occupational factors

Answer 13

Blastomyces dermatitidis

Question 14

What species:
Symptoms include fever, cough, chest pain, fatigue, muscle aches (myalgia)

Answer 14

Blastomyces dermatitidis

Question 15

What species:
The skin lesions usually begin as papules or pustules that later develop into ulcerated granulomas (localized nodules of inflamed tissue).

Answer 15

Blastomyces dermatitidis

Question 16

What species:
affects the face, neck, hands, and arms

Answer 16

Blastomyces dermatitidis

Question 17

What species:
edges of the lesion are actively expanding

Answer 17

Blastomyces dermatitidis

Question 18

What species:
In the environment as a mold that produces fungal spores, released into the air, and enter the lungs

Answer 18

Blastomyces dermatitidis

Question 19

Blastomycosis:
The body temperature allows the spores to transform into _______.

Answer 19

yeast

Question 20

T/F: (Blastomycosis)
A negative CFT indicates exposure to the fungus or an active infection.

Answer 20

F; positive

Question 21

What disease:
causing flu-like symptoms or severe pneumonia

Answer 21

Blastomycosis (Pulmonary)

Question 22

What disease:
Manifests as ulcerated, granulomatous skin lesion

Answer 22

Blastomycosis (Cutaneous)

Question 23

What disease:
spreads from the lungs to other organs, particularly the skin, bones, genitourinary system, and, rarely, the CNS

Answer 23

Blastomycosis (Disseminated)

Question 24

Blastomycosis:
treatment for severe cases or disseminated infections

Answer 24

Amphotericin B

Question 25

Blastomycosis:
treatment for mild-to-moderate cases and as follow-up after initial treatment for severe cases

Answer 25

Itraconazole

Question 26

What disease:
60% of cases, infection is asymptomatic

Answer 26

Coccidioidomycosis

Question 27

Allergic manifestation in Coccidioidomycosis:
Painful, red nodules on the shins or other parts of the body

Answer 27

Erythema nodosum

Question 28

Allergic manifestation in Coccidioidomycosis:
A hypersensitivity reaction with red, target-like skin lesions

Answer 28

Erythema multiforme

Question 29

T/F:
In blastomycosis, medical treatment is needed to control and resolve the infection.

Answer 29

F; even without medical treatment, the body can control and resolve the infection

Question 30

What species:
dissemination occurs in less than 1% of all infections but may be fatal

Answer 30

Coccidioides spp;
(coccidioidal meningitis)

Question 31

Histoplasma capsulatum:
endemic in parts of the USA especially in?

Answer 31

Ohio and Mississippi River valleys

Question 32

What species:
Samuel Darling observed its presence in tissue samples from patients with systemic infections

Answer 32

Histoplasma capsulatum

Question 33

What species:
thrives in acidic soils, often enriched by organic material, which aids in its proliferation

Answer 33

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

Question 34

What species:
produces bud-like structures (multiple blastoconidia)

Answer 34

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis