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[3Y1S] Myco Viro > [Lec] MU5.1: Systemic Mycoses > Flashcards

[Lec] MU5.1: Systemic Mycoses Flashcards

1
Q

T/F:
Any fungus, in an immunocompromised host, has the potential to become invasive and disseminate to sites far removed from the portal of entry.

A

T

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2
Q

T/F:
The teleomorph of H. capsulatum is named Ajellomyces dermatitidis.

A

F; Ajellomyces capsulatus

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3
Q

T/F:
Histoplasmosis is also known as Spelunker’s Disease

A

T

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4
Q

T/F:
People get paracoccidioidomycosis after breathing in the fungus Paracoccidioides from the environment in certain parts of Central and South America.

A

T

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5
Q

T/F:
Vaccine is already available for Valley fever.

A

F;
there is no approved vaccine for Valley fever (coccidioidomycosis), although research is ongoing to develop one

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6
Q

fungal infections of the which can overcome the physiological and cellular defenses of the normal human host

A

Systemic Mycoses

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7
Q

Systemic Mycoses:
infection occurs by?

A

inhalation of airborne conidia

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8
Q

Fungal infection of internal organs

A

Systemic Mycoses

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9
Q

Agents of Systemic Mycoses

A
  • Blastomyces dermatitidis
  • Coccidioides spp. (C. immitis, C. posadasii)
  • Histoplasma capsulatum
  • Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
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10
Q

2 Coccidioides spp.

A

Coccidioides immitis
Coccidioides posadasii

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11
Q

Blastomycosis:
Causative agent

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis

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12
Q

What disease:
a chronic infection with granulomatous and suppurative lesions that is initiated in the lungs

A

Blastomycosis

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13
Q

Blastomyces dermatitidis:
most prevalent in?

A

middle-aged men

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14
Q

Blastomycosis:
symptoms are often similar to ____

A

flu

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15
Q

T/F:
Blastomycosis’ pathogenesis includes fever, malaise, night sweats, cough, myalgias

A

T

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16
Q

What disease:
when dissemination occurs, skin lesions on the exposed surfaces

A

Blastomycosis

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17
Q

What disease:
when dissemination occurs, ulcerated granulomas with advancing border and central scarring

A

Blastomycosis

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18
Q

What disease:
when dissemination occurs, border with abscesses and sharp, sloping edge

A

Blastomycosis

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19
Q

Odd One Out:
Specimen for Blastomycosis
a. Sputum
b. Pus
c. Exudates
d. Blood
e. Urine
f. Biopsies from Lesion

A

d. Blood

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20
Q

What disease:
Microscopic morphology:
round, multinucleated, budding cells with double refractile wall

A

Blastomycosis

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21
Q

Blastomycosis:
Culture medium: cultivation in SDA
Morphology of colonies: ______

A

white or brownish colonies

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22
Q

Blastomycosis:
Culture medium: cultivation in enriched BAP
Morphology of colonies: ______

A

wrinkled, waxy and soft colonies

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23
Q

Blastomycosis:
2 Serological tests

A

CFT
immunodiffusion tests

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24
Q

Blastomycosis:
3 Clinical Types

A
  1. Pulmonary
  2. Cutaneous
  3. Disseminated
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25
Q

Blastomycosis:
mold that produces ________ ________, released into air, enter lungs, transform into _________

A

fungal spores
yeast

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26
Q

T/F:
Blastomycosis occurs in certain humid, high-rainfall areas of Central and South America, particularly in countries such as Brazil, Colombia, and Venezuela

A

F; Paracoccidioidomycosis

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27
Q

T/F:
Blastomycosis, Cocciodioidomycosis, Histoplasmosis, and paracoccidioidomycosis are contagious.

A

F; all are not contagious
(no person-to-person transmission)

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28
Q

T/F:
Blastomycosis, Cocciodioidomycosis, Histoplasmosis, and paracoccidioidomycosis cannot be acquired by pets.

A

F; all can be acquired by pets

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29
Q

T/F:
Blastomycosis can be prevented by reduced exposure to high-risk environments, use of protective gear, and limiting pets’ access to contaminated areas.

A

T

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30
Q

Blastomycosis:
Treatment

A

Amphotericin B
Itraconazole

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31
Q

Coccidioidomycosis:
also known as?

A

Valley fever or San Joaquin Valley fever

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32
Q

Coccidioidomycosis:
Causative agents

A

Coccidioides immitis
Coccidioides posadasii

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33
Q

What species:
probably the most virulent of all human mycotic agents

A

Coccidioides spp.

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34
Q

What species:
causes Coccidioidomycosis

A

Coccidioides spp.

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35
Q

What species:
asymptomatic pulmonary disease and allergic manifestations

A

Coccidioides spp.

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36
Q

T/F:
Coccidioides spp: primary disease usually resolves with therapy and confers a weak specific immunity to reinfection.

A

F;
resolves WITHOUT therapy
confers a STRONG specific immunity

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37
Q

T/F:
In Coccidioidomycosis, infection is self-limited.

A

T

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38
Q

T/F:
In Coccidioidomycosis, dissemination is rare but maybe fatal.

A

T

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39
Q

T/F:
In Coccidioidomycosis, patients with primary infection are symptomatic.

A

F;
asymptomatic

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40
Q

Odd One Out:
Coccidioidomycosis’ signs and symptoms
a. myalgia
b. fever
c. malaise
d. cough
e. headache

A

a. myalgia

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41
Q

Coccidioidomycosis:
Late-stage patient forms a hypersensitivity reaction
in the form of __________ or __________

A

erythema nodosum
erythema multiforme (rashes)

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42
Q

What disease:
Many develop influenza-like fever

A

Coccidioidomycosis

43
Q

What disease:
clinical features include allergic manifestations

A

Coccidioidomycosis

44
Q

What disease:
< 1% develop chronic progression disseminated disease

A

Coccidioidomycosis

45
Q

What disease:
Clinical features include:
skin: granuloma, cold abscess

A

Coccidioidomycosis

46
Q

What disease:
Clinical features include:
osteomyelitis & synovitis

A

Coccidioidomycosis

47
Q

What disease:
Clinical features include:
CNS (meningitis)

A

Coccidioidomycosis

48
Q

Odd One Out:
Specimen for Blastomycosis
a. Sputum
b. Blood
c. Pus
d. CSF
e. Tissue Biopsy Material

49
Q

What disease:
mold with septate hyphae

A

Coccidioidomycosis

50
Q

Coccidioidomycosis:
septate hyphae fragment into ________, inhaled and become _________

A

arthroconidia
spherules

51
Q

Coccidioidomycosis:
spherules contain _________ which disseminate within surrounding tissues and develop into new spherules

A

endospores

52
Q

What disease:
Microscopic morphology:
spherule with thick, double refractile wall and endospores form within the spherule and fill it

A

Coccidioidomycosis

53
Q

Coccidioidomycosis:
Culture medium: cultivation in SDA
Morphology of colonies: ______

A

white to tan colony

54
Q

Coccidioidomycosis:
2 Serological tests

A

immunodiffusion
latex agglutination test

55
Q

T/F:
Higher risk of acquiring Valley fever depends on geographic location, immunocompromised status, age, and occupation.

56
Q

T/F:
If you had Valley fever before, you can acquire it again.

A

T; previous infection does not guarantee immunity against future infections

57
Q

T/F:
Histoplasmosis can be prevented by avoiding dust exposure and use protective measures in endemic areas.

58
Q

T/F:
There is a vaccine for valley fever.

A

F; no vaccine

59
Q

Valley Fever:
Treatment

A

Amphotericin B
Itraconazole

60
Q

Histoplasmosis:
causative agent

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

61
Q

What disease:
an intracellular infection of the reticuloendothelial system caused by the inhalation of the fungus

A

Histoplasmosis

62
Q

What species:
present in soil, rotting areas and in feces of chicken, bats, other birds (high Nitrogen content)

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

63
Q

What species:
endemic in parts of the USA

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

64
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum:
first described by?

A

Samuel Darling

65
Q

What disease:
an intracellular mycosis of the reticulo-endothelial system

A

Histoplasmosis

66
Q

T/F:
Histoplasmosis is self-limited

67
Q

Odd One Out:
Histoplasmosis signs and symptoms:
a. fever
b. chills
c. rash
d. myalgias
e. headaches
f. non- productive cough

68
Q

What disease:
severe disseminated ___________ -> RES involved, with lymphadenopathy, enlarged spleen, liver, high fever, anemia

A

Histoplasmosis

69
Q

Odd One Out:
Specimens of Histoplasmosis:
a. Plasma/ Serum
b. Sputum
c. Urine
d. Scrappings from lesions
e. Bone Marrow biopsy
f. Skin
g. Lymph node

A

a. Plasma/ Serum

70
Q

What species:
small, ovoid cells intracellularly in histologic section stained with Gomori methanamine silver or Giemsa stain

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

71
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum:
stains

A

Gomori methanamine silver or Giemsa stain

72
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum:
Cultivation in SDA
Colony morphology: ___________

A

white to tan cottony colonies

73
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum:
Serological tests

A

latex agglutination
precipitation
immunodiffusion test

74
Q

Choose 2: Histoplasmosis
a. persistent
b. limited
c. symptomatic
d. asymptomatic

A

Histoplasmosis
b. limited
d. asymptomatic

75
Q

What disease:
acute pulmonary disease,
reactivation occurs

A

Histoplasmosis

76
Q

What disease:
Chronic pulmonary ________ in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

Histoplasmosis

77
Q

What disease:
Cutaneous and Mucocutaneous

A

Histoplasmosis

78
Q

What disease:
Mold with aerial hyphae

A

Histoplasmosis

79
Q

What disease:
The hyphae produce macroconidia and microconidia

A

Histoplasmosis

80
Q

T/F:
Individuals with weakened immune systems acquire histoplasmosis

81
Q

T/F:
If you had histoplasmosis, you can get it again.

A

T; reinfection can occur, especially in individuals with weakened immune systems.

82
Q

T/F:
Pets can acquire histoplasmosis.

A

T; While it is rare, pets, particularly dogs, can become infected

83
Q

T/F:
Histoplasmosis can be prevented by avoiding high-risk areas, protective equipment, good hygiene practices

84
Q

Histoplasmosis:
treatment

A

Itraconazole

85
Q

Paracoccidioidomycosis:
causative agent

A

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

86
Q

What disease:
a chronic progressive fungal disease endemic to Central and South America

A

Paracoccidioidomycosis

87
Q

What species:
geographic areas of highest incidence are typically humid, high-rainfall areas, with acidic soil conditions

A

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

88
Q

What species:
the organism produces multiple blastoconidia from a single cell

A

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

89
Q

What species:
signs and symptoms include oral mucous membrane lesion

A

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

90
Q

What species:
dissemination to spleen, liver, mucous membrane and skin

A

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

91
Q

Odd One Out:
Specimens for Paracoccidioidomycosis
a. Sputum
b. Blood
c. Exudates
d. Material from Lesion

92
Q

What species:
thick-walled yeast cell with multiple buds

A

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

93
Q

Paracoccidioidomycosis:
serological tests

A

CFT
Immunodiffusion test

94
Q

What disease:
usually unapparent and asymptomatic acute or chronic, granulomatous infection

A

Paracoccidioidomycosis

95
Q

Paracoccidioidomycosis:
primarily of what organ?

96
Q

T/F:
Paracoccidioidomycosis disseminates to skin, mucosa, lymph nodes and other internal organs.

97
Q

T/F:
People exposed to moist, wounded environments in endemic regions, particularly middle-aged men, outdoor workers, and immunocompromised individuals have a higher risk of acquiring Paracoccidioidomycosis.

A

F; Blastomycosis

98
Q

T/F:
Paracoccidioidomycosis can be prevented by avoiding high risk areas, wearing PPE, education and awareness, and health monitoring.

99
Q

T/F:
Sources of Paracoccidioidomycosis include environmental sources, soil, animal reservoir, fecal matter

100
Q

Paracoccidioidomycosis:
Treatment

A

Itraconazole
Amphotericin B
SXT
Ketoconazole

101
Q

What disease:
Mycotic agent is usually recovered from soil that contains bird or bat droppings.

A

Histoplasmosis

102
Q

What disease:
North America Blastomycosis is also known as?

A

Gilchrist disease

103
Q

What species:
Teleomorphic state of H. capsulatum

A

Ajellomyces capsulatus

104
Q

What disease:
Mycotic agent reside in a narrow ecologic niche known as the Lower Sonoran life zone

A

Coccidioidomycosis

[3Y1S] Myco Viro (5 decks)

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