Lec 7 Heart Diseases in Children: An Overview Flashcards
What is the most common congenital heart disease in children?
VSD
What are the genetic causes of some CHDs?
Trisomy 21 - deletion in 22q11
What maternal infection can lead to pulmonary stenosis and PDA?
Congenital Rubella
What are the first branches of the aorta?
Coronary arteries
What produces a cardiac murmur?
turbulence of blood from a high pressure chamber to a low pressure chamber
What are the characteristics of an innocent murmur?
changes with body position, usually early systolic, brief, soft, and parasternal
What are the causes of innocent murmurs heard during the 1st week of life?
closing ductus arteriosus, disproportionate size and angulation of main pulmonary artery (MPA is bigger because the ductus arteriosus is still present), tricuspid regurgitation
What are the characteristics of Still’s murmur?
3 y.o. to adolescence, musical or squeaky, low-pitched, located along the LLSB, may be due to small ascending aorta
What is the difference between peripheral and central cyanosis?
peripheral- vasoconstriction
central- respiratory or cardiac abnormalities
How do you differentiate respiratory from cardiac cyanosis?
hyperoxia test
What are the 4 characteristics of the Tetraology of Fallot?
- Ventricular Septal Defect
- Left-to-right shunt
- Overriding aorta (with pulmonary stenosis)
- Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
What are the signs of congestive heart failure?
- Subcostal retraction
- Harrison’s groove
- Precordial bulge
How can you tell if pulmonary vascular markings are normal?
should reach up to 2/3 of the chest
How can you identify Premature Ventricular Contractions using ECG results?
wide QRS complexes
What is the most common cause of chest pain?
idiopathic
