Lec 17: Pathology of Ischemic Heart Diseases

Question 1

What is ischemia?

Answer 1

imbalance between supply and demand of the heart

Question 2

What is the difference between ischemia and hypoxia?

Answer 2

Ischemia - insufficient blood flow to provide adequate oxygenation
hypoxia - reduced oxygen in tissue, can occur without ischemia (ex. anemia)

Question 3

What are the conditions that influence the supply of blood?

Answer 3

atherosclerosis and thrombosis, thromboemboli, coronary artery spasm, collateral blood vessels, BP, CO

Question 4

What are the conditions that influence the ability of oxygen in the blood?

Answer 4

anemia, shift in the hemoglobin-dissociation curve, carbon monoxide, cyanide

Question 5

What conditions may cause an increase in cardiac workload?

Answer 5

hypertension, valvular stenosis, hyperthyroidism, fever, thiamine deficiency, catecholamines

Question 6

What is fixed obstruction?

Answer 6

> 75% of the lumen is blocked

Question 7

Which coronary artery is most commonly affected by thrombosis?

Answer 7

Left Anterior Descending

Question 8

What are the different types of angina?

Answer 8

stable angina- due to chronic disease, alleviated by rest
prinzmetal angina - angina at rest caused by coronary spasms, alleviated by nitroglycerin
unstable angina - angina at rest caused by disruption of a plaque, increasing intensity of pain, leads to MI

Question 9

What are the risk factors for coronary artery disease?

Answer 9

1. systemic hypertension
2. cigarette smoking
3. diabetes mellitus
4. elevated blood cholesterol

Question 10

What are the risk factors for ischemic heart disease?

Answer 10

Heredity
Age
Sex
Lipidemia
Increased weight
Pressure
Diabetes
Smoking