Lec. 7: cytoskeleton, mitochondria, chlorplasts, ECM, peroxisomes Flashcards

1
Q

Cytoskeleton

A
  • A network of fibers, extending throughout cytoplasm
  • Provide structural support
  • Motility (interaction with motor proteins) for movement
  • Not static (can assemble/disassemble)

and nucleus for IF

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2
Q

Difference between (MT, MF) and IF

A

MT and MF have a + and - end and can rapidly assemble and disassemble while IF are more stable

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3
Q

Microfilaments

Location, structure, how it works, assembly-dissasembly, functions

A
  • Two intertwined strands of actin with solid rods
  • In the cytoplasmic mesh
  • Subunits added to positive end, Subunits subtracted at negative end
  • Cell shape, intracellular transport over SHORT distances with myosin
  • Cell motility (crawling)
  • Contraction of muscle: actin and myosin
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4
Q

Intermediate filaments

Shape, Function, Location

A
  • supercoiled into thick cables
  • Cell shape, resist tension
  • In nucleus
  • Cell and nuclear anchorage
  • formation of nuclear lamina
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5
Q

What is the result of lamin mutations

A
  • Accelerated aging in humans due to alterations in nuclear disassembly and assembly during division, abnormal nucleus, and defective chromosomal organization
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6
Q

Microtubules

Structure and Function

A
  • hollow cylindrical rods
  • made of tubulin dimers (polar)
  • Cytoplasmic tubules grow out from centrosome (+ end grows)
  • Cell shape and organization
  • Track for movement for LONG DISTANCES
    - required interaction with motor proteins (kinesins move toward + end of MT and dyneins move toward - end of MT)
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7
Q

Microtubules in cilia and flagella

A

ATP energy required
- Function in movement of appendages
- Can move cells from one place to another or move fluid over tissue

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8
Q

Extracellular matrix

A
  • Animal tissues have a complex ECM made of glycoproteins (secreted by cells) such as collagen fibers
  • Integrins in the plasma membrane link ECM proteins such as fibroconectin with the cellular cytoskeleton facilitating crosstalk between cell and environment
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9
Q

Mitochondria/chloroplasts

Roles, location,

A
  • Responsible for energy transformation in cell
  • Enclosed in membranes but NOT part of cell’s endomembrane system
  • Can grow and reproduce within cell
  • Location not static (move around cytoplasm using cytoskelton)

Mitochondria in ALL eukaryotic cells, choroplasts only in plant cells

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10
Q

Peroxisomes

A
  • Membrane bound organelle formed by proteins and lipids
  • break down fatty acids and detox alcohol/poisons
  • byproduct is H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) which is toxic and converts it to H2O
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