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Anatomy - abdominal aorta > Lec 7 Anatomy of the biliary tract > Flashcards

Lec 7 Anatomy of the biliary tract Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the right hepatic duct receive bile from?

A

Sectoral ducts of right liver lobe

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2
Q

Where does the left hepatic duct receive bile from?

A

Segmental ducts of left liver

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3
Q

What two ducts join to form the common hepatic duct?

A

Left and right hepatic ducts

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4
Q

What two ducts join to form the common bile duct?

A

Cystic duct and common hepatic duct

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5
Q

What two ducts join to form the hepatopancreatic ampulla of vater?

A

common bile duct and pancreatic duct

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6
Q

Where does the intrahepatic bile duct run parallel to?

A

It runs parallel to portal vein and hepatic artery

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7
Q

Describe smaller intrahepatic bile ducts

A

Much thinner wall and cuboidal epithelium

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8
Q

Describe larger intrahepatic bile ducts

A

Larger bile ducts have a loose connective tissue(flexible) and a single layer of columnar epithelium

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9
Q

Describe the extrahepatic bile duct

A

7 cms and runs in free edge lesser omentum

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10
Q

What does the extrahepatic bile duct join with?

A

Joined by cystic duct near porta hepatis

Meets with right end of pancreatic duct - ampulla vater

Enters 2nd part of duodenum at sphincter of oddi

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11
Q

Describe the duct wall and lumen of the extrahepatic bile duct

A

Duct wall - dense fibrous connective tissue

Duct wall also contains smooth muscle cells

Lumen - highly columnar epithelium

Blood - cystic vessels(from coeliac and into portal)

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12
Q

Location of the gall bladder

A

Lodged in a fossa on the visceral surface, right lobe of liver between inferior border of liver(ant) and duodenum(post)

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13
Q

Physical appearance of the gall bladder

A

Conical, pear shaped

About 10 cm in length and 3 in diameter

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14
Q

What is the gall bladder held by?

A

Held by peritoneum(forms outer wall)

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15
Q

What is the gall bladder divided into

A

fundus(lower aspect), body, neck

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16
Q

What does the wall of the gall bladder consist off

A

Simple columnar epithelium, smooth muscle

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17
Q

What are the functions of the gall bladder?

A

Concentrate and store bile
Selectively absorb bile salts
Excrete cholesterol
Excrete mucous

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18
Q

What is the mechanism that leads to emulsification of fat

A

Contraction/emptying of stomach –> fatty foods in duodenum –> cholecystokinin release –> sphincter of oddi relaxed –> emulsification of fat

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19
Q

How do gall stones form?

A

physical changes in bile (eg low bile salts and excessive cholesterol)

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20
Q

What is biliary colic

A

crampy right upper abdominal pain that comes and goes repeatedly

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21
Q

What is acute cholecystitis

A

inflammation of gall bladder that also causes pain on right upper quadrant

22
Q

How is visceral pain detected?

A

Abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves contain this 2-way(afferent and efferent) nerve transmission from viscera within the abdominal cavity

Pain sensation from ‘foregut’ organs, so including gallbladder, pass via the coeliac ganglion

23
Q

Physical appearance of pancreas

A

Oblong in shape(comma shaped)

12-15 cm long and 3 in width

24
Q

What is the pancreas divided into?

A

Divided into (broad) head, (tapering) body and (sharp) tail

25
Q

What is the location of pancreas?

A
  • Head at the level of the descending duodenum

- Body behind stomach and extends towards spleen

26
Q

What collects the exocrine secretions of the pancreas

A

Small ducts

27
Q

What do small ducts unite to form?

A

The pancreatic duct(wirsung)

28
Q

What does the duct of wirsung form when it joins with the common bile duct?

A

Hepatopancreatic ampulla(of vater)

29
Q

Where does the ampulla of vater enter the duodenum?

A

Ampulla of vater enters duodenum about 10 cm post-pyloric sphincter - major duodenal papilla

30
Q

Where does the secondary duct(of santorini) enter?

A

Secondary duct(of santorini) enters duodenum about 2 cm superior to major duodenal papilla

31
Q

Arterial supply of pancreas

A

Pancreatic, branches from the coeliac(eg splenic) which join to form an arc(gastroduodenal + pancreaticoduodenal)

32
Q

Veins of pancreas

A

Portal(originally from splenic + sup mesenteric)

33
Q

Innervation of the pancreas

A

Coeliac ganglia and vagus

34
Q

What type of gland is pancreas?

A

Both an exocrine and endocrine gland

35
Q

What constitutes the exocrine portion of the pancreas

A

cluster AKA acini cells - pyramidal epithelium(98-99%)

36
Q

What does the exocrine portion of the pancreas secrete?

A

Digestive enzymes, the pancreatic juice

37
Q

What constitutes the endocrine portion of the pancreas?

A

Centroacinar cells aka islets of langerhans - cuboidal epithelium (1-2%)

38
Q

What does the endocrine portion of the pancreas secrete

A

Secretion of hormones eg insulin

39
Q

What are the causes of pancreatitis(inflammation)

A

Gallstones, heavy alcohol intake, cystic fibrosis and high levels of calcium or blood fats

40
Q

What are the causes of pancreatic cancer?

A

Obstructive jaundice(gallstones) , heavy alcohol intake, smoking and genetics

41
Q

location of stomach with regards to pancreas

A

Separated from the pancreas by the lesser sac, the stomach and pylorus lie anterior and to the pancreas

42
Q

What system is the spleen a part of?

A

Part of the lymphatic system and is the largest single mass of lymphoid tissue

43
Q

What type of gland is the spleen?

A

Regarded as a blood gland(not excretory nor ducts)

44
Q

location of the spleen

A

underlies 9th, 10th, 11th rib on LHS.

At the left hypochondriac region of the abdomen

45
Q

Shape of spleen

A

oval in shape

46
Q

Physical appearance of spleen

A

12 cm in length but can vary - age, disease, etc

outer surface shows identations, caused by neighbouring organs(stomach, left kidney and left flexure of colon)

47
Q

What does the parenchyma(inner part of spleen) contain?

A

Lymphatic tissue and blood vessels

48
Q

nerve supply of the spleen

A

branches of celiac nerve plexus

49
Q

Parts of the spleen parenchyma

A

CT capsule –> red pulp –> white pulp –> hilum

50
Q

Constituents of the red pulp in spleen

A

blood-filled venous sinuses

51
Q

Constituents of white pulp in spleen

A

Lymphatic tissue(lymphocytes, macrophages)

52
Q

Functions of spleen

A

Immune(like in lymph nodes)
Removal by macrophages of old blood cells
Storage of platelets
Production of blood cells(fetal life)

Anatomy - abdominal aorta (10 decks)

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