LEC 6 ORGANIC & BIO CHEM

Question 1

What are organic compounds?

Answer 1

Contains carbon and hydrogen

-Produce by living organisms
-larger than inorganic

Question 2

What is Hydrocarbon?

Answer 2

Made of only carbon and hydrogen

-Two forms: Chains & Rings

Question 3

What are ‘Hexane’?

Answer 3

Has Six (6) carbon
Hydrocarbon

Question 4

T/F
Organic molecules occur as both Monomers and Polymer?

Answer 4

TRUE

Question 5

Define Monomers?

Answer 5

Single subunits - Can combine to build large structures

Mono = Single/Simple
Single beads on chain

Question 6

How are monomers linked?

Answer 6

By covalent bond

Result = Water molecules is formed

(A-OH + B-H&raquo_space; A-B + H2O)

Question 7

Define Polymers?

Answer 7

Large structure - Many monomers linked together

Poly = Multiple/Complex
Chain of beads

Question 8

How are polymers built?

Answer 8

Anabolic reaction - Dehydration synthesis

Question 9

How are polymers broken down into monomers?

Answer 9

Hydrolysis reaction

Water molecule is added to polymer - monomers separate
(AB + H2O&raquo_space; A-OH + B-H)

Question 10

What are carbohydrates?

Answer 10

Organic molecules made of carbon & hydrate

Function: stores and provides energy for the body

Question 11

Carbohydrate Facts

Answer 11

-Many have Hydroxyl (-OH) functional group

-Carbohydrates are Polar and Hydrophilic (water loving/hating)

Question 12

List of Important Carbohydrates?

Answer 12

(Reminder: ose)
Deoxyribose
Ribose
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
Sucrose

Question 13

T/F
Carbohydrates is only %1 of body mass?

Answer 13

TRUE

Question 14

What are carbohydrates molecules made of?

Answer 14

SUGAR

Eg: Glucose & Fructose

Question 15

What is the function of “Ribose”?

Answer 15

Forms ATP energy
(Adenosine triphosphate)

Question 16

How are Carbohydrates classified?

Answer 16

By the amount of CARBONS in their molecular structure

Question 17

How many carbons does “Deoxyribose”and “Ribose” have?

Answer 17

Pentoses: Five-Carbon sugars (C5)

Molecular formula = C5 H10 O5

Question 18

Glucose, Fructose, Galactose has how many carbons?

Answer 18

Hexoses: Six-Carbon sugar (C6)

Their Molecular formula = C6 H12 O6

Question 19

T/F
Glucose, fructose and galactose all have same chemical formulas & DIFFERENT structural formulas?

Answer 19

TRUE - Same formula|Different Shape

NOTE: All 3 are Examples of “Isomers”

Question 20

Name the 3 ways carbohydrates exist?

Answer 20

As:
1. Monosaccharides
2. Disaccharides
3. Polysaccharide

Question 21

What are Monosaccharides?
(Simple/Single)

Answer 21

Simple sugar - Have ONLY ONE subunit

Examples: Deoxyribose,ribose,glucose,fructose & galactose

Question 22

T/F
“Glucose” is the only sugar used for “catabolic reactions”?

Answer 22

TRUE

Glucose>Catabolic reaction> Breakdown

Question 23

What are “Disaccharides”?
(2 sugar/simple)

How are they formed?

How are they broken down?

Answer 23

Two sugar subunits joined by polar covalent bond

Formed by > dehydration synthesis

Broken down by > Hydrolysis

Question 24

List examples of Disaccharides

Answer 24

• Sucrose > (Glucose and Fructose)
• Lactose > (Glucose and lactose)
• Maltose > (2 Glucose molecules)

Note: All are break down by specific enzymes
-Sucrase enzyme
-Lactase enzyme
-Maltase enzyme

Question 25

What are Polysaccharides?
(Complex)

Answer 25

Made of long branching chains of monosaccharides

Note: Have low solubility
(Does not dissolve easily)

Question 26

Name examples of polysaccharides

Answer 26

• Glycogen (Human)
• Starch (Plants)

Both are composed of many glucose

Question 27

Glycogen can be found in the____&____?

Answer 27

Liver and Skeletal muscle

Note:
-Glycogen is made from glucose build up
-Excess glucose is stored in the liver & muscles as > glycogen

Question 28

What type of proteins and lipids does Polysaccharides form?

Answer 28

Glycoproteins and Glycolipids

Question 29

Backtrack:

EXAMPLE OF MONOMER AND POLYMER

Answer 29

Glucose + Glucose = Glycogen

Glucose»Simple component = Monomer

Glycogen»Complex»Multiple molecules = Polymer