LEC 6 ORGANIC & BIO CHEM Flashcards
What are organic compounds?
Contains carbon and hydrogen
-Produce by living organisms
-larger than inorganic
What is Hydrocarbon?
Made of only carbon and hydrogen
-Two forms: Chains & Rings
What are ‘Hexane’?
Has Six (6) carbon
Hydrocarbon
T/F
Organic molecules occur as both Monomers and Polymer?
TRUE
Define Monomers?
Single subunits - Can combine to build large structures
Mono = Single/Simple
Single beads on chain
How are monomers linked?
By covalent bond
Result = Water molecules is formed
(A-OH + B-H»_space; A-B + H2O)
Define Polymers?
Large structure - Many monomers linked together
Poly = Multiple/Complex
Chain of beads
How are polymers built?
Anabolic reaction - Dehydration synthesis
How are polymers broken down into monomers?
Hydrolysis reaction
Water molecule is added to polymer - monomers separate
(AB + H2O»_space; A-OH + B-H)
What are carbohydrates?
Organic molecules made of carbon & hydrate
Function: stores and provides energy for the body
Carbohydrate Facts
-Many have Hydroxyl (-OH) functional group
-Carbohydrates are Polar and Hydrophilic (water loving/hating)
List of Important Carbohydrates?
(Reminder: ose)
Deoxyribose
Ribose
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
Sucrose
T/F
Carbohydrates is only %1 of body mass?
TRUE
What are carbohydrates molecules made of?
SUGAR
Eg: Glucose & Fructose
What is the function of “Ribose”?
Forms ATP energy
(Adenosine triphosphate)
How are Carbohydrates classified?
By the amount of CARBONS in their molecular structure
How many carbons does “Deoxyribose”and “Ribose” have?
Pentoses: Five-Carbon sugars (C5)
Molecular formula = C5 H10 O5
Glucose, Fructose, Galactose has how many carbons?
Hexoses: Six-Carbon sugar (C6)
Their Molecular formula = C6 H12 O6
T/F
Glucose, fructose and galactose all have same chemical formulas & DIFFERENT structural formulas?
TRUE - Same formula|Different Shape
NOTE: All 3 are Examples of “Isomers”
Name the 3 ways carbohydrates exist?
As:
1. Monosaccharides
2. Disaccharides
3. Polysaccharide
What are Monosaccharides?
(Simple/Single)
Simple sugar - Have ONLY ONE subunit
Examples: Deoxyribose,ribose,glucose,fructose & galactose
T/F
“Glucose” is the only sugar used for “catabolic reactions”?
TRUE
Glucose>Catabolic reaction> Breakdown
What are “Disaccharides”?
(2 sugar/simple)
How are they formed?
How are they broken down?
Two sugar subunits joined by polar covalent bond
Formed by > dehydration synthesis
Broken down by > Hydrolysis
List examples of Disaccharides
- Sucrose > (Glucose and Fructose)
- Lactose > (Glucose and lactose)
- Maltose > (2 Glucose molecules)
Note: All are break down by specific enzymes
-Sucrase enzyme
-Lactase enzyme
-Maltase enzyme
What are Polysaccharides?
(Complex)
Made of long branching chains of monosaccharides
Note: Have low solubility
(Does not dissolve easily)
Name examples of polysaccharides
- Glycogen (Human)
- Starch (Plants)
Both are composed of many glucose
Glycogen can be found in the____&____?
Liver and Skeletal muscle
Note:
-Glycogen is made from glucose build up
-Excess glucose is stored in the liver & muscles as > glycogen
What type of proteins and lipids does Polysaccharides form?
Glycoproteins and Glycolipids
Backtrack:
EXAMPLE OF MONOMER AND POLYMER
Glucose + Glucose = Glycogen
Glucose»Simple component = Monomer
Glycogen»Complex»Multiple molecules = Polymer
