Lec 6

Question 1

What is a brownfield?

Answer 1

A brownfield is a property, the 
expansion, redevelopment, or reuse
of which may be complicated by
the presence  or potential presence  of a 
hazardous  substance, pollutant, or 
contaminant.

Question 2

Some examples of brownfield

Answer 2

Former Gas Stations, Abandoned Dump Site, Abandoned

Plants/Factories, Vacant Textile Mills, Abandoned Dry Cleaner, Former Military Sites

Question 3

5 contaminants making up the brownfields

Answer 3

Lead, Petroleum, Asbestos, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), Other metals,

Question 4

3 main differences between brownfield and greenfield

Answer 4

Greenfields are usually available in larger sizes, have no utilities set up, no demolition is required, reduce habitat wildlife.

Question 5

Economical incentives to adapting brownfield

Answer 5

urban sprawl (expansion of the cities), bid-rent war (higher price for lands closer to the city center), new spaces for industrialization and globalization

Question 6

Economic viability for adapting brownfields

Answer 6

See pictures (phone)

Question 7

What are some Economic Geography Rationale for people that avoid inhabiting brownfields?

Answer 7

• they are risky, contaminated properties.

- higher-income residents are reluctant to live

Question 8

Another key (Economic viability and sustainability)

Answer 8

Environmental Justice:

• same degree of protection from hazards and environmental problems for everyone
• equal access to decision-making to have a healthy environment

Question 9

Why should we develop brownfields?

Answer 9

• Creating Jobs and Economic Growth
• Pollution Cleanup and increase public health
• Downtown Revitalization
• Less Development Pressure on Open Land
• More properties on the tax rolls
• historic prevention

Question 10

What policymakers can do to make brownfields interesting again?

Answer 10

• Grants (Municipalities and Economic Development Agencies)
• Liability Relief
• Low-Interest Loans (developers, municipalities, agencies)
• Tax Incremental Financing

Question 11

Types of solutions adapted for Green Infrastructure

Answer 11

Green Roofs and Photovotaics panels

Question 12

What does green roof do?

Answer 12

reduce the temp. of bldg. and envr.

Question 13

advantges photovoltain panels

Answer 13

clean energy production and reduce CO2 emission

Question 14

Why do we need to combine PVs and Green Roofs?

Answer 14

They both are installed on the exterior of the bldg.

Question 15

Solutions used to mitigate UHI ?

Answer 15

Urban Heat Island effect can be mitigated by using PVs and Greeneries

Question 16

What are the benefits of Green Infrastructure?

Answer 16

Noise reductions, stormwater retention, dust-particle filtering, increase biodiversity by providing habitats for plants and animals

Question 17

What is BG and what does it involve?

Answer 17

Building Greenery involves install green roofs and facades onto bldgs and enhancing microclimatic effects

Question 18

Exmpls of Bldg Greenery?

Answer 18

Green roof and Vertical Garden (Green Walls)

Question 19

Types of GReen Roofs

Answer 19

Extensive (15cm , once a year) , Semi-intensive (16-20 cm - limited maintnc.), intensive (high maint.)

Question 20

Types of VGs? (Vertical Greens)

Answer 20

Green Facade (planted on the ground, grows up the bldg) - Living Walls (vegetation directly on the structure, use of perennials, grass and small shrubs are used instead of climbing plants)

Question 21

Types of PVs

Answer 21

Monocrystalline silicon cells: high eff. durable and expensive
Polycrystalline silicon cells: less eff. less exp.
Transparent thin-film cells: less exp. lower eff. but flexbl installation

Question 22

How are the third generation of PVs are made?

Answer 22

Have laser cut holes for shading or transparent effect

Question 23

What’s advantage of combining PV and Green Roofs?

Answer 23

• reduce bldg energy use for PVs through GR
• protection of plants from cold in winter
• better utilization of roof space
• reduce carbon production/emission’
• renewable energy production
• growth of plants and vegetations

Question 24

Methods to implement PV-Green Roof?

Answer 24

• low heigh plants and shallow subtrates
• use Intensive GR systems (min. dist of 60 cm between panel and the plant)
• cooling effect is relavant to the distance between (PV and Air Velocity)
• Dry substrate has no cooling effect

Question 25

PV-Green roof planning principles?

Answer 25

* Check for funding
● Calculate maintenance efforts
● Calculate wind loads and additional construction loads
● Investigate shading losses
● Accessibility
● Secure Water Runoff
● Coordinate technical crews
● Ideal combination of substrate heights, sub-construction, and plant community

Question 26

Some configurations of PV and Green Roof?

Answer 26

PV and GR side by side, PV on a shed roof and GR besides, PV on a sub-construction for optimal inclindation, GR with sun tracking PV, E-W oriented PV, bifacial PV panels (vertical pv panels), PV on pergola-like sub construction

Question 27

What is waste management?

Answer 27

activities and actions reqrd to manage waste from inception to disposal

Question 28

What is the goal of waste management?

Answer 28

1. recover the full value of material from a recycled product
2. close the loop for whole product life-cycle

Question 29

How much solid waste is generated?

Answer 29

1.7-1.9 Billion metric tons

Question 30

At a rate of – - –% per year due to rural-urban migration, waste generation will — every 10 years.

Answer 30

3-5% – double

Question 31

Why is waste generation concerning?

Answer 31

• service cost of waste collection

- environmental issues caused by landfills

Question 32

What are smart cities?

Answer 32

Sensing, analyzing and integrating key information of a running city

Question 33

What are some characteristics of Smart Cities?

Answer 33

make intelligent response to: 
● Daily livelihood needs 
● Environmental protection
● Public safety and city services 
● Industrial and commercial activities

Question 34

Different stages of the product lifecycle:

Answer 34

Beginning of Life (BoL), Middle of Life (MoL), End of Life (EoL)

Question 35

Activities in BoL?

Answer 35

Design and manufacturing

Question 36

Activities in the Middle of Life?

Answer 36

Distribution, Use, and Service/Maintenance

Question 37

Activities in EoL?

Answer 37

Collection, Remanufacturing, Reuse/Recycling, Disposal of Waste Residue

Question 38

Potential Applications of Lifecycle Data?

Answer 38

• Reduce waste and emission (estimating future reusability)
• Monitoring waste generation rate (collect waste bins on time, new geometries and designs for trash bins)
• New business models

Question 39

Steps for Product Lifecycle Management (PLM)?

Answer 39

• manufactures and suppliers establish and maintain specification
• retailers and customers register prodcuts
• product embedded information devices (PEIDs)

Question 40

Two types of business models proposed for product lifecycle management?

Answer 40

The economy of Sharing and Circular Economy

Question 41

Describe How Economy of Sharing works?

Answer 41

Economy of Sharing:
○ A partnership in which assets and services are shared between private individuals to reduce
waste and utilize each other’s expertise to extend a products useful life.

Question 42

Describe Circular Economy?

Answer 42

● Circular Economy:
○ Focuses on closing the product life cycle loop by promoting the reuse and recycling of resources.
○ Extract the actual value still embedded in products.
■ What happens when one part fails within a product? The whole product fails.
■ What happens when the whole product fails? We throw it out.
■ But does this product still have value? Yes it does.
● The product will have different values to different parties over the course of its
lifespan. While the value to the consumer may change, the goal is to maintain the
value to manufacturers due to their ability to reuse the materials.