Lec 6 Flashcards
What is a brownfield?
A brownfield is a property, the expansion, redevelopment, or reuse of which may be complicated by the presence or potential presence of a hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant.
Some examples of brownfield
Former Gas Stations, Abandoned Dump Site, Abandoned
Plants/Factories, Vacant Textile Mills, Abandoned Dry Cleaner, Former Military Sites
5 contaminants making up the brownfields
Lead, Petroleum, Asbestos, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), Other metals,
3 main differences between brownfield and greenfield
Greenfields are usually available in larger sizes, have no utilities set up, no demolition is required, reduce habitat wildlife.
Economical incentives to adapting brownfield
urban sprawl (expansion of the cities), bid-rent war (higher price for lands closer to the city center), new spaces for industrialization and globalization
Economic viability for adapting brownfields
See pictures (phone)
What are some Economic Geography Rationale for people that avoid inhabiting brownfields?
- they are risky, contaminated properties.
- higher-income residents are reluctant to live
Another key (Economic viability and sustainability)
Environmental Justice:
- same degree of protection from hazards and environmental problems for everyone
- equal access to decision-making to have a healthy environment
Why should we develop brownfields?
- Creating Jobs and Economic Growth
- Pollution Cleanup and increase public health
- Downtown Revitalization
- Less Development Pressure on Open Land
- More properties on the tax rolls
- historic prevention
What policymakers can do to make brownfields interesting again?
- Grants (Municipalities and Economic Development Agencies)
- Liability Relief
- Low-Interest Loans (developers, municipalities, agencies)
- Tax Incremental Financing
Types of solutions adapted for Green Infrastructure
Green Roofs and Photovotaics panels
What does green roof do?
reduce the temp. of bldg. and envr.
advantges photovoltain panels
clean energy production and reduce CO2 emission
Why do we need to combine PVs and Green Roofs?
They both are installed on the exterior of the bldg.
Solutions used to mitigate UHI ?
Urban Heat Island effect can be mitigated by using PVs and Greeneries
What are the benefits of Green Infrastructure?
Noise reductions, stormwater retention, dust-particle filtering, increase biodiversity by providing habitats for plants and animals
What is BG and what does it involve?
Building Greenery involves install green roofs and facades onto bldgs and enhancing microclimatic effects
Exmpls of Bldg Greenery?
Green roof and Vertical Garden (Green Walls)
Types of GReen Roofs
Extensive (15cm , once a year) , Semi-intensive (16-20 cm - limited maintnc.), intensive (high maint.)
Types of VGs? (Vertical Greens)
Green Facade (planted on the ground, grows up the bldg) - Living Walls (vegetation directly on the structure, use of perennials, grass and small shrubs are used instead of climbing plants)
Types of PVs
Monocrystalline silicon cells: high eff. durable and expensive
Polycrystalline silicon cells: less eff. less exp.
Transparent thin-film cells: less exp. lower eff. but flexbl installation
How are the third generation of PVs are made?
Have laser cut holes for shading or transparent effect
What’s advantage of combining PV and Green Roofs?
- reduce bldg energy use for PVs through GR
- protection of plants from cold in winter
- better utilization of roof space
- reduce carbon production/emission’
- renewable energy production
- growth of plants and vegetations
Methods to implement PV-Green Roof?
- low heigh plants and shallow subtrates
- use Intensive GR systems (min. dist of 60 cm between panel and the plant)
- cooling effect is relavant to the distance between (PV and Air Velocity)
- Dry substrate has no cooling effect
PV-Green roof planning principles?
* Check for funding ● Calculate maintenance efforts ● Calculate wind loads and additional construction loads ● Investigate shading losses ● Accessibility ● Secure Water Runoff ● Coordinate technical crews ● Ideal combination of substrate heights, sub-construction, and plant community
Some configurations of PV and Green Roof?
PV and GR side by side, PV on a shed roof and GR besides, PV on a sub-construction for optimal inclindation, GR with sun tracking PV, E-W oriented PV, bifacial PV panels (vertical pv panels), PV on pergola-like sub construction
What is waste management?
activities and actions reqrd to manage waste from inception to disposal
What is the goal of waste management?
- recover the full value of material from a recycled product
- close the loop for whole product life-cycle
How much solid waste is generated?
1.7-1.9 Billion metric tons
At a rate of – - –% per year due to rural-urban migration, waste generation will — every 10 years.
3-5% – double
Why is waste generation concerning?
- service cost of waste collection
- environmental issues caused by landfills
What are smart cities?
Sensing, analyzing and integrating key information of a running city
What are some characteristics of Smart Cities?
make intelligent response to: ● Daily livelihood needs ● Environmental protection ● Public safety and city services ● Industrial and commercial activities
Different stages of the product lifecycle:
Beginning of Life (BoL), Middle of Life (MoL), End of Life (EoL)
Activities in BoL?
Design and manufacturing
Activities in the Middle of Life?
Distribution, Use, and Service/Maintenance
Activities in EoL?
Collection, Remanufacturing, Reuse/Recycling, Disposal of Waste Residue
Potential Applications of Lifecycle Data?
- Reduce waste and emission (estimating future reusability)
- Monitoring waste generation rate (collect waste bins on time, new geometries and designs for trash bins)
- New business models
Steps for Product Lifecycle Management (PLM)?
- manufactures and suppliers establish and maintain specification
- retailers and customers register prodcuts
- product embedded information devices (PEIDs)
Two types of business models proposed for product lifecycle management?
The economy of Sharing and Circular Economy
Describe How Economy of Sharing works?
Economy of Sharing:
○ A partnership in which assets and services are shared between private individuals to reduce
waste and utilize each other’s expertise to extend a products useful life.
Describe Circular Economy?
● Circular Economy:
○ Focuses on closing the product life cycle loop by promoting the reuse and recycling of resources.
○ Extract the actual value still embedded in products.
■ What happens when one part fails within a product? The whole product fails.
■ What happens when the whole product fails? We throw it out.
■ But does this product still have value? Yes it does.
● The product will have different values to different parties over the course of its
lifespan. While the value to the consumer may change, the goal is to maintain the
value to manufacturers due to their ability to reuse the materials.
