Lec 3 - Pituitary Gland

Question 1

some examples of environmental influences the hypothal responds to

Answer 1

• Light = day length, regulation of circ rhythms
• Olfactory stim = pheromones
• Steroids = gonadal and corticosteroids
• Neurall transmitted info = from heart, stomach etc
• Stress
• invading microorganisms = would increase body temp

Question 2

how to access pituitary srgically

Answer 2

via nasal cavity

Question 3

which bone and structure surrounds the pituitary

Answer 3

• sphenoid bone
• sella turcica

Question 4

a tumour in opituitary would first affect wehre and why

Answer 4

optic nerve
cant push down cuz of sphenoid bone
so pushes up

Question 5

during developmet, what structure grows upwards to form area where APG and PPG meet

Answer 5

Rathke’s pouch
Grows upwards from embryonic buccal cavity

Question 6

what do parvocellular neurons synapse with

Answer 6

primary plexus in the median eminence

Question 7

which lobe has more vascularity

Answer 7

anterior lobe

Question 8

APG other name

Answer 8

pars distalis

Question 9

PPG other name

Answer 9

pars nervosa

Question 10

what tissue is pars distalis made of

Answer 10

glndular tissue (type of epitheliar tissue)

Question 11

what tissue is pars nervosa made of

Answer 11

nervous tissue duh

Question 12

where do both pars meet

Answer 12

pars intermedia
reminant of posterior wall of Rathke’s pouch

Question 13

Anterior Pit Gland hormones: FLAT PiG

Answer 13

(Tropic hormones)
- FSH
- LH
- Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
- TSH
(non-tropic hormones)
- Prolactin (PRL)
- Growth Hormone (GH)

Question 14

which APG hormone is in corticotropin-lipotropin group

Answer 14

ACTH

Question 15

what common precurser are corpicotropin-lipotropin hormones derived from

Answer 15

pro-opiomelanocortin
(POMC)

Question 16

APG hormones: Glycoproteins

Answer 16

LH
FSH
TSH
(all have identical alpha subunit, B subunit specifies it)

Question 17

APG hormones: somatomammotropins

Answer 17

GH
PRL
(also derived from common precursor)

Question 18

how to differentiate cells in APG via staining histology (catergories)

Answer 18

• acidophils
• basophils
• chromophobes

Question 19

acidophils: colour stain, and hormones released

Answer 19

• orange stain
• secrete GH and PRL

Question 20

basophils: colour stain and hormones released

Answer 20

• dark purple
• ACTH, TSH, FSH and LH

Question 21

chromotrophs: colour stain and hormones released

Answer 21

• pale staining
• may have secretory activty, BUT thoght to have already secreted their contents and are building up their hormone stores

Question 22

what specific cell types show acidophil histology

Answer 22

somatotropes
lactotropes

Question 23

what hormone do somatotrope cells release

Answer 23

GH

Question 24

what hromone do lactotropes release

Answer 24

PRL

Question 25

what specific cell types show basophil histology

Answer 25

• thyrotropes
• cortictropes
• gonadotropes

Question 26

what hromone do thyrotropes release

Answer 26

TSH

Question 27

what hromone do corticotopes release

Answer 27

ACTH

Question 28

what hromone do gonadotropes release

Answer 28

FSH
LH

Question 29

what technique used to differentiate dpecifically the basophils and acidophils

Answer 29

monoclonal antibodies

Question 30

most abundant hormone producing cells in APG

Answer 30

somatotropes
40-50%

Question 31

least common hormone producing cell in APG

Answer 31

thyrotropes
but can be hypertropic in thyroid failure

Question 32

what are the modified glial cells of the posterior pituitary called

Answer 32

pituicytes