Lec 3

Question 1

What factors can interrupt the cyclical activity of the oestrous cycle after puberty?; Cyclical activity can be interrupted by pregnancy

Answer 1

high milk yield

Question 2

What is the oestrous cycle and its phases?; The oestrous cycle is the time between two consecutive oestrous periods

Answer 2

consisting of four phases: Proestrus

Question 3

How does mating during the menstrual cycle differ in humans and primates compared to other animals?; In humans and primates

Answer 3

mating is not restricted at any time of the menstrual cycle

Question 4

What physiological changes occur in the female reproductive system during oestrus?; During oestrus

Answer 4

there is an increase in secretion from the uterine

Question 5

What is the definition of oestrus in the context of the oestrous cycle?; Oestrus

Answer 5

or heat

Question 6

When does ovulation occur in relation to oestrus in domestic species?; Ovulation occurs during oestrus in all domestic species

Answer 6

except for cows

Question 7

What hormonal changes are associated with pro-oestrus and oestrus?

Answer 7

During pro-oestrus and oestrus there is follicular growth in the absence of functional corpora lutea

Question 8

What changes occur in the uterine glands during Dioestrus?

Answer 8

The uterine glands undergo hyperplasia and hypertrophy while the secretions of the genital tract are scant and sticky.

Question 9

What happens to the follicular cells of the ovulated follicle during Metoestrus?

Answer 9

The follicular cells differentiate into lutein cells which are responsible for the formation of the corpus luteum.

Question 10

What physiological changes happen to the uterus during pro-oestrus?

Answer 10

The uterus enlarges slightly the endometrium becomes congested and oedematous

Question 11

What external signs indicate pro-oestrus in a bitch?

Answer 11

External signs include vulval oedema hyperaemia

Question 12

What are the characteristics of the luteal phase of the oestrous cycle?

Answer 12

The luteal phase is characterized by a fully functional corpus luteum that secretes large amounts of progesterone which blocks FSH and LH production.

Question 13

What is Anoestrus and what are its characteristics?; Anoestrus is the prolonged period of sexual rest during which the genital system is mainly quiescent

Answer 13

with minimal follicular development and non-functional corpora lutea. During Anoestrus

Question 14

What are the signs and behaviors of animals during oestrous?; Signs include increased activity

Answer 14

restlessness

Question 15

What hormonal regulation occurs during the oestrous cycle?; GnRH triggers the release of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary

Answer 15

while estrogen and progesterone provide negative feedback to regulate their secretion. Activin stimulates FSH secretion

Question 16

What is the role of LH and FSH in the oestrous cycle?; LH triggers ovulation and the formation of the corpus luteum

Answer 16

while FSH is responsible for follicle development and stimulates the growth of germinal and endocrine components of the ovary.

Question 17

What is the function of prostaglandin in the oestrous cycle?; Prostaglandin ends progesterone production and is involved in luteal regression in ruminants.

Question 18

What is the pattern of follicular dynamics during the oestrous cycle?; Follicles grow in a wave-like fashion

Answer 18

with periodic surges in circulating FSH associated with the emergence of follicular waves

Question 19

What initiates ovulation in most domestic species during copulation?; The stimulation of sensory receptors in the vagina and cervix at coitus initiates ovulation

Answer 19

leading to a surge of LH release due to a neuro-endocrine reflex.

Question 20

What is the old scar of the corpus luteum called?; The old scar is referred to as the corpus albicans

Answer 20

which forms after the corpus luteum undergoes changes in size and color post-ovulation.

Question 21

What are the factors affecting the duration of the oestrous cycle?; 1. Breed 2. Nutrition 3. Milk yield and lactation number 4. Season of year 5. Presence of male 6. Number of oestrous