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Physiology CVS > LEC 3 > Flashcards

LEC 3 Flashcards

1
Q

اماكن بقدر اقيس منها كهربية الجسم

A

EEG of the brain, &electrical activity of the muscles), but the heart is the greatest electrical activity,

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2
Q

Einthoven’s method

A

3 Lead
2 arm
1 left leg

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3
Q

lead 1

A

Connecting the right arm with the left arm

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4
Q

lead 2

A

Connecting the right arm with the left leg

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5
Q

lead 3

A

Connecting the left arm with the left leg

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6
Q

first 3 leads are

A

bipolar leads

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7
Q

bipolar leads records

A

difference between these two points

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8
Q

unipolar leads measure

A

the potential of only one point

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9
Q

The maximum voltage must be within

A

lead 2, because it is parallel to the direction of the current (base to apex).

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10
Q

The bipolar leads can be used to diagnose

A

different cardiac arrhythmias abnormalities in the period of times between different waves of the cycle.
(if it’s prolonged or shortened).

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11
Q

Chest leads are used in diagnose

A

abnormalities in the waves themselves e.g. QRS

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12
Q

V1 Place

A

fourth intercostal space to the right of the sternum

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13
Q

V2 Place

A

fourth intercostal space to the left of the sternum.

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14
Q

V4 Place

A

fifth intercostal space in the left midclavicular line.

just beneath the nipple.

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15
Q

V3 Place

A

in between V2 and V4

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16
Q

V5 Place

A

anterior axillary line within fifth intercostal space.

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17
Q

V6 Place

A

middle axillary line within fifth intercostal space.

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18
Q

V1 Related part in heart

A

Right ventricle

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19
Q

V2 Related part in heart

A

The sputum between the ventricles.

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20
Q

V3 Related part in heart

A

Anterior of the left ventricle

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21
Q

V4 Related part in heart

A

Anteroseptal aspect of the left ventricle.

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22
Q

V5 Related part in heart

A

Anterolateral aspect of the left ventricle

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23
Q

V6 Related part in heart

A

Lateral aspect of the left ventricle

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24
Q

IN chest leads The sign of current depends on

A

where we put the electrodes and the direction of the current.

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25
Q

These chest leads help us in

A

myocardial infraction patients to identify which part is

affected by the infraction.

26
Q

12 leads are divided into

A
  1. Bipolar leads: (also called bipolar limb lead):
    which includes: lead I, lead II, and lead III.
  2. Unipolar leads: which are subdivided into:
    A. unipolar limp leads: (AVR, AVL & AVF).
    B. unipolar chest leads: (V1, V2, V3, V4, V5 and V6).
27
Q

what we are examining in AVF

A

the inferior part of the left ventricle.

28
Q

The first part of the ventricle that will be excited is

direction of excitation

A

the base of the septum
is from the left to the right,
Q wave → negative . why → to the RT and the current is to the LF
and from endocardium to the epicardium (from inside to the outside).

29
Q

the second part of the the ventricle that will be excited is

A

Base of the septum → apex → lateral wall

30
Q

benefits of the the presence of Purkinje fibers

A

excitation of apex to the lateral wall develop in a very short period of time

31
Q

30 milliseconds لشو هاي

A

excitation from SA node to AV node and the time for depolarization of both of the atria)

32
Q

130 milliseconds لشو هدول

A

delay in the av node

33
Q

60ms

A

ventricles excitation

34
Q

220 milliseconds.

A

excitation to start in the SA node until the stimulation of both ventricles

35
Q

PR segment

A

from the end of p wave to the beginning of QRS)

36
Q

The PR segment is called

A

isoelectric line

37
Q

2 things happen at the same tim

A

atrial repolarization and the depolarization of ventricle

38
Q

how to see the repolarization of atria

A

put a catheter on the atria, stimulate it and see the repolarization.

39
Q

Intervals in ECG

A
  1. PR interval
    2) QT interval
    3) TP interval
40
Q

PR interval represents

A

duration of the impulse to start in the SA node until it

reaches the ventricles (including the delay that happens in the AV node).

41
Q

PR interval كم تشتغرق من الوقت

A

160 millisecond

120 to 200 millisecond.

42
Q

PR interval includes

A

depolarization of atria &the plateau of atria.

43
Q

the relationship between PR interval and heart rate

A

عكسية
When we are sleeping: the heart rate decreases, so the PR interval will
increase.
When we do exercise, anxiety: the heart rate will increase, so the PR
interval will be shorter.

44
Q

QT interval represents

A

the AP of the ventricles
depolarization, plateau and repolarization of
the ventricles

45
Q

QT interval كم تستغرق من الوقت

A

350 milliseconds

46
Q

QT interval in myocardial infarction) & angina

A

increasedbecause the wash out of ions will be abnormal {problem in the sodium potassium pump})

47
Q

TP interval time represents

A

the resting potential,

48
Q

interval that all channels is closed

A

TP interval

49
Q

interval that represents the resting potential

A

TP interval

50
Q

during TP interval

A

leakage of the Na in the SA node, not in the ventricles or atria, waiting for the threshold to be reached to the next beat. (

51
Q

isoelectric lines

A

PR segment, ST segment and TP

interval

52
Q

R wave

A

depolarization of the lateral wall of the

ventricles)

53
Q

Qwave

A

depolarization of the base of the septum

54
Q

the right side

A

S increase and R decreased

55
Q

the left side

A

R↑

S ↓

56
Q

Small R and large S

A

in V1

57
Q

R will be at the maximum

A

V6 left side

58
Q

R Will be at the minimum

A

V1 or V2 right side

59
Q

S will be at the maximum

A

V 1or V2 right side

60
Q

S at minimum in

A

V6

61
Q

waves in AVR are

A

negative

62
Q

why is T wave positive

A

the direction of repolarization of the ventricles starts from the outside to the inside

Physiology CVS (6 decks)

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