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Brain and Behavior Exam 2 > Lec 27 Pharmacology of the Eye > Flashcards

Lec 27 Pharmacology of the Eye Flashcards

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The Brain flashcards
1
Q

How is absorption determined after topical eye administration?

A
  • length of time drug stays in cul-de-sac [inferior fornix] and precorneal tear film
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2
Q

How do ocular drugs enter systemic distribution?

A

via nasal mucosa

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3
Q

What is path of local ocular distribution?

A

via transcorneal route into aqueous humor to intraocular structures

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4
Q

What determines elimination of eye drug?

A

nasolacrimal drainage [topical eye drugs can e systemically absorbed]

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5
Q

Does sympathetic or parasympathetic constrict pupil?

A

parasympathetic

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6
Q

How do you diagnose glaucoma?

A
  • cup diameter is >50% of optic disc diameter
  • visual field test [lost periphery]
  • IOP [high in glaucoma]
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7
Q

Does zonule relax or contract in accomodation (near vision focus)

A

zonule relaxes so lens more convex

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8
Q

What is cyclospasm?

A

severe ciliary muscle contraction

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9
Q

What can block accomodation? term?

A

muscarinic cholinergic antagonists = not enough PNS

called cycloplegia = inability to accomodate

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10
Q

What causes cyclospasm?

A

cholinesterase inhibitor toxication = too musc PNS

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11
Q

Does PNS or SNS cause ciliary muscle contraction?

A

PNS [= for near vision]

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12
Q

Does PNS stimulation or SNS stimulation increase outflow of aqueous humor?

A

PNS

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13
Q

Where does aqueous humor flow in uveoscleral outflow path?

A

through ciliary muscles into suprachoroidal space

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14
Q

What is function of B receptors on ciliary epithelium?

A

promote secretion of aqueous humor

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15
Q

What will happen if you block B receptors on ciliary epithelium?

A

you will have less aqueous humor produced –> decreased intraocular pressure

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16
Q

What is the predominant B receptor in the eye?

A

B2

17
Q

What is the first line medical therapy for glaucoma?

A

latanoprost

18
Q

What is mech of latanoprost? side effect?

A
  • type of prostaglandin
  • increases aqueous humor outflow via uveoscleral pathway
  • side effect: darkens color of iris PLUS its an eye drop so burning, irritation, blurred vision at beginning
19
Q

What is effect of prostaglandins on eye?

A

increase outflow of aqueous humor [latanoprost is one]

20
Q

What is punctuate kerotopathy?

A

secondary to irritation to preservative in eye drops

21
Q

What is mech of tumolol? side effects?

A
  • type of beta blocker
  • B1/B2 antagonist –> decreases aqueous humor synthesis
  • can have systemic side effects [hypotension, bradycardia, dyspnea]
22
Q

What metabolized B receptor antagonists? significance?

A
  • metabolized by CYP 2D6
23
Q

Who might you want to avoid giving b receptor antagonists to?

A
  • pt with signficant respiratory disease [asthma or COPD]

- pt on another drug that suppresses CYP 2D6 (since that is what metabolized B antagonists

24
Q

What is brimonidine?

A
  • alpha 2 agonist
  • decreases aqueous humor synthesis via 2 mech [inhibits NE release presynaptically, decreases cAMP pos]
  • may also increase outflow
25
Q

What are side effects of brimonidine?

A
  • blurry vision, ocular hyperemia, foreign body sensation, ocular allergic reaction, ocular pruritis [itching]
26
Q

What is dorzolamide? side effects?

A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
- decreases aqueous humor synthesis

side effects: opthalmic burning/immune hypersensitivity, metabolic acidosis

27
Q

What are carbachol/pilocarpine?

A

direct cholinergic aagonists
- induce muscarinic –> ciliary muscle contraction which helsp aqueous humor outflow

side effects: miosis and cyclospasm [contraction ciliary muscle]

28
Q

What is echothiphate? why is it not often used?

A

anticholinesterase agent

  • increases PNS activity
  • rarely used because causes lens opacity
29
Q

When is pilocarpine particularly important?

A

in emergencies –> very effective at opening meshwork into canal of schlemm

Brain and Behavior Exam 2 (21 decks)

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