Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PARASITOLOGY > Lec 2: Immunology of Parasites (dr. bato) > Flashcards

Lec 2: Immunology of Parasites (dr. bato) Flashcards

1
Q

process by which all living organisms defend themselves against infection

A

Immunology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A tenet that explains the evolution and adaptation of organisms to changing conditions/environments

A

Natural Selection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

This refers to the specificity of parasites to host organisms.

A

Host-Parasite Interacion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

resistance to disease

A

immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

cells, tissues, molecules mediating resistance

A

immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

coordinaed reaction of the immune system

A

immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Most important function of the immune system

A

prevent infections and eradicate established infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

mediator of humoral immunity

A

B lymphocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

mediator of cell-mediated immunity

A

T lymphocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

cells of innate immunity

A

natural killer cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

an antigen-presenting cell, it also initiates T cell response. It processes microbes and put MCH in the membrane

A

Dendritic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Antigen-presenting cell and is involved in the effector phase of cell mediated immunity

A

macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

aid in priming the T-lymphocyte

A

helper t cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

summation of all the naturally occurring defense mechanism that protect an individual from foreign invaders

A

Innate Immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the two major components of innate immunity

A
  1. Skin and mucous membranes such as GI, respiratory tract, vaginal lining
  2. Cellular components mediating inflammation and adverse defense
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

provides effective surface protection against microbial invasion

A

Intact Skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

PARASITES THAT INVADE THROUGH SKIN PENETRATION

A

o Hookworm and Strongyloidesspp. Filariform larvae

o Schistosoma spp. Cercaria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what parasites can escape the acidic ph barrier

A

o Ascaris spp, Trichuris spp, Taenia spp because their embryonated eggs have thick shells
o Entamoeba spp. and Giardia spp. are also resistant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

these parasites cant evade the acidic ph

A

o Trichomonas vaginalis trophozoites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

results in acquisition of immunologic memory and production of antibody

A

Adaptive immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ensures that distinct antigens elicit responses that target those antigens

A

Specificity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Enables immune system to respond to a large variety of anitgens

A

Diversity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Leads to rapid and enhanced responses to a large variety of antigen

A

Memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Increase number of antigen-specific lymphocyte to keep pace with microbes

A

Clonal Expansion

25
Generates responses that are optimal for defense against different microbes
Specialization
26
Allow immune system to respond to newly encountered antigens
Contraction and Homeostasis
27
Prevents injury to the host during responses to foreign antigens
Nonreactivity to self
28
mediated by antibodies, immunoglobulins
humoral immunity
29
mediated by t lymphocytes
cell-mediated immunity
30
enhance proliferation and differentiation of B-lymphocytes into plasma cells
TH2 lymphocytes: IL-4, IL-5, IL-6
31
activate cytotoxic T lymphocytes and macrophages
TH1 lymphocytes: gamma-IFN , IL-2
32
2 actions mediated by TH1 lymphocytes on parasites
ACTIONS: 1. Direct cytotoxicity on the parasite 2. Indirect by acting on NK cells or the Ab producing B-lymphocyte
33
As the host’s immune response is geared towards parasite destruction, the parasite keeps mounting various mechanisms to avoid the destructive effect of the host response. what is this mechanism called
parasitic evasion mechanism
34
what are the 4 parasitic evasion mechanisms?
immune suppression, antigenic variation, host mimicry and intracellular sequestration
35
this is a parasitic evasion mechanism wherein parasites reduce the immune function of macrophages by lowering capacity of phagocytosis and cause defective processing of antigens
Immune suppression
36
this is performed by coating particles of bentonite with test Ag then flocculation is observed on addition of serum For diagnosis ofTrichinosis caused by Trichinella spiralis
Bentonite Flocculation (BF)
37
Involves transfer of DNA-containing material to a nitrocellulose membrane where it is fixed
DNA Probe
38
This technique is done through these steps: • Fluorescence of parasite Ag is induced by Monoclonal Antibody (MAb) • MAbs are produced in vitro against the parasite • Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) are fluorescently tagged • Mabs bind to parasite antigen • Organism fluoresces with fluorescent microscope to visually detect them
Direct Immunofluorescence (DFA)
39
Several different procedures determining presence or absence of parasite antigens and antibodies Most widely used
Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA)
40
this technique is done via these steps: • Known parasite antigen is exposed to the patient serum suspected with Abs of the parasite • Ab in serum bind to Ag of the parasite • Slide is then washed to remove the serum • Slide is covered with a solution containing the fluorescent dye coupled with antihuman globulin (AHG) • After washing, any fluorescent dye remaining indicates presence of Ab in the specimen. • May test IgG or IgM
Indirect Fluorescent Antibody (IFA)
41
this technique depends on agglutination or clumping of antigen-coated sheep RBCs by Abs in the test serum
Indirect Hemagglutination (IHA)
42
this is a technique wherein protein from patient’s sample is electrophoresed onto a polyacrylamide gel
Immunoblot (IB)
43
Similar to bentonite flocculation but uses latex particles.
Latex Agglutination (LA)
44
Low levels of specific DNA sequences are amplified to levels of detection through the action of the enzyme DNA Polymerase
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
45
Test serum added to sorbent and then washed then incubated with radioactively labeled Ab to human IgG and IgE then washed.
Radioallergosorbent Test (RAST)
46
Which of the following is not the role of your immune system? a. Inflammation and allergy b. Cancer defense and surveillance\ c. Prevention and eradication of infection d. Nutritional indicator
d. Nutritional indicator
47
Colony expansion is one of the properties of adaptive immune system it means that?
Antigen presenting specific lymphocyte secretes a feedback phase against microbes
48
19 y/o male patient came into your parents. You heard that he did not successfully produce antibodies after he is vaccinated. Which of the following cells is the culprit for the failedvaccination
Memory Cell
49
Your 22 y/o rich female classmate came from her south American tour and noticed that she has swollen left eyelid (ROMANA,S SIGN). What type of parasite invading mechanism does the suspected parasite exhibit?
Ag variation or Intracellular sequestration
50
Which of the following do not exhibit immune suppression as a means of parasite invasion. a. Trypanooma (cruzi)gambiense b. Wuchereriabancrofti c. Brugiamalayi d. Plasmodium ovale
a. Trypanooma (cruzi)gambiense
51
6. Which of the following parasites produce Ag that consumes complement? a. Plasmodium b. Paragonimus c. Schistosoma d. C. sinensis
c. Schistosoma
52
E. Granulosus hydatid cyst exhibit what type of parasite evasion mechanism?
Host mimicry
53
Latex agglutination has similar mechanism with this type of immunodiagnostic test.
Bentonite Flocculation
54
9. DNA probe detect early this parasite a. T. vaginalis b. T. cruzi c. S. mikongi d. D. latum
a. T. vaginalis
55
10. What to you see in a CBC of a pediatric patient with Ascaris infection? a. Eosinophilia b. Neutrophilia c. Anemia d. Lymphocytosis
a. Eosinophilia
56
Wha are the 4 types of hypersensitivity?
Type 1 Anaphylactic reactions 2 Cytotoxic reactions 3 immune complex reactions 4 Delayed cell mediated
57
Which of the immune cells mediate for vasodilation and allergic response and what does its granules contain?
Mast cell, Histamine
58
Trypanosoma gambiense uses antigenic variation. What do you call the antigen that fools the immune system?
Variant specific glycoprotein (VSG)

PARASITOLOGY (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions