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PARASITOLOGY > Lec 1: Classification of Medically important Parasites > Flashcards

Lec 1: Classification of Medically important Parasites Flashcards

1
Q

1 of the 3 major classifications of parasites that is single-celled.

A

Protozoans

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2
Q

1 of the 3 major classifications of parasites that includes multicellular worms.

A

Metazoan helminths

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3
Q

This phylum requires a wet environment for feeding, locomotion, osmoregulation and reproduction. They form trophozoites (active, feeding, reproduction) and cysts (inactive) except for Naegleria

A

Phylum Protozoa

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4
Q

Type of nutrition of Protozoans

A

Holozoic (require organic materials)

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5
Q

What phylum do subphyla mastigophora and subphyla sarcodina belong to?

A

Phylum Sarcomastigophora

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6
Q

What type of locomotion does the parasite from subphyla mastigophora use?

A

Flagella

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7
Q

Parasites from Subphyla Mastigophora undergo this specific type of reproduction.

A

Asexual (Longitudinal) Reproduction

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8
Q

Subphyla Sarcodina utilize _____ as an organ for locomotion

A

Pseudopodia

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9
Q

What Subphyla, under Phylum Sarcomastigophora, undergo asexual repoduction and may be found intra and extra intestinally.

A

Subphyla Sarcodina

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10
Q

What trait/characteristic is common between Subphyla Sarcodina and Subphyla Mastigophora?

A

Type of Reproduction

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11
Q

What phylum uses cilia as the organ of locomotion?

A

Phylum Ciliophora

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12
Q

Phylum Ciliophora utilize this specific type of reproduction

A

Asexual (transverse) Reproduction

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13
Q

This Phylum includes the Class Sporozoa

A

Phylum Apicomplexa

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14
Q

This class utilize both sexual and asexual reproduction

A

Class Sporozoa

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15
Q

Parasites from Class Sporozoa can be distinguished from other parasites because of the presence of a _____ at the anerior end.

A

Apical Complex

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16
Q

This Phylum is spore-forming and possess a unique extrusion apparatus which enables them to insert infective material to the host cell

A

Phylum Microspora

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17
Q

This Phylum is predominantly coelomate and is compartmentalized by septas.

A

Phylum Annelida

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18
Q

Phylum Annelida has well-developed ______, ______, ______ body systems

A

Nervous, Digestive, Excretory

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19
Q

The following class and subclasses are under Phylum Nemathelminthes.

A

Class Nematoda, Subclass Adenophorea, and Subclass Necernentia

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20
Q

This class is also known as the Round Worms

A

Class Nematoda

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21
Q

Characteristic of Class Nematoda. “tube within a tube”

A

pseudocoelomate

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22
Q

The following are characteristics of class nematoda, EXCEPT: a. Unsegmented b. has complete digestive tract c. bilaterally symmetrical d. Triploblastic e. Dorsolaterally flattened

A

e. Dorsolaterally flattened Class Nematoda aka ROUNDworms

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23
Q

This sensory organ of Nematodes is found at the anterior end and is the principal chemosensory organ.

A

Amphids

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24
Q

This sensory organ of Nematodes is found at the posterior end and are important for the classification of this class.

A

Phasmids

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25
Q

The only 3 APHASMID nematodes that are of medical and public health importance

A

Trichuris, Trichinella, Capillaria

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26
Q

Parasites in this subclass are aphasmid nematodes that may be terrestrial, freshwater, or marine.

A

Subclass Adenophorea

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27
Q

Parasites in this subclass are phasmid nematodes that are generally terrestrial

A

Subclass Secernentia

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28
Q

Phylum Platyhelminthes is characterized by:… EXCEPT: a. Hermaphroditic b. Asexual Reproduction c. Dorsolaterally flattened d. symmetric bilaterally

A

b. Asexual Reproduction

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29
Q

These are 2 classes under Phylum Platyhelminthes

A

Class Trematoda and Class Cestoda

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30
Q

These are also called Flatworms or Flukes that have incomplete digestive tract and no circulatory system. They have oral suckers and venral suckers.

A

Class Trematoda

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31
Q

Class trematoda require ___ intermediate host/s

A
  1. 1st is always Snails
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32
Q

What is the infective stage of the class trematoda?

A

Metacercariae (Encysted Larvae) -> at 2nd intermediate host except SCHISTOSOMES

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33
Q

Schistosomes is under what class? What is its infective stage?

A

Class Trematoda. Cercariae

34
Q

This class is composed of Tapeworms

A

Class Cestoda

35
Q

The following are characteristics of Class Cestoda, except: a. No digestive Tract b. No circulatory system c. Hermaphroditic d. with oral and ventral suckers e. with Scolex (anterior), neck, strobila

A

d. with oral and ventral suckers sa Class Trematoda yan

36
Q

2 orders under Class Cestoda that are of medical and public health importance

A

Order Pseudophyllidea & Order Cyclophyllidea

37
Q

which order has a uterine pore, spatulate scolex with bothria, operculated eggs, requires 2 intermediate hosts, and release immature eggs?

A

Order Pseudophyllidea

38
Q

The following are characteristics of _______ Bilaterally symmeterical Segmented bodies Jointed appendages Exoskeleton Class Insecta and Arachnida

A

Phylum Arthropoda

39
Q

These are all classes under Phylum Arthropoda, except: a. Class Crustacea b. Class Arachnida c. Class Aranaea d. Class Diplopoda

A

c. Class Aranaea Order lang ang Aranaea. Under Class Arachnida

40
Q

Parasite under Subphylum Mastigophora that is the cause of Chagas Disease & African Sleeping Sickness

A

Trypanosoma

41
Q

What class is the parasite that causes Malaria under?

A

Class Sporozoa

42
Q

What is the parasite in the picture?

This belongs to what class?

A

Ascaris

Class Nematoda

43
Q

Women are mostly affected by this parasite; STI

A

Trichomonas

44
Q

This is under the subclass adenophorea.

This can cause rectal prolapse

A

Trichuris

45
Q

This is found in pigs, not well-cooked food, burrows in muscles.

This is under what subclass?

A

Trichinella

Under subclass adenophorea

46
Q

What is in the picture

A

Chilomastix

47
Q

Identify

A

Giardia

48
Q

What is the parasite found in between the RBC

A

Trypasonoma

49
Q

Identify

A

Leishmania

50
Q

stage in the life cycle that enables parasite to infect man

A

infective stage

51
Q

an organism that lives on or within another organism

Derives the benefits

May or may not suffer consequences

A

Parasite

52
Q

organism in/on which a parasite lives off of

A

host

53
Q

lives inside/within an organism

A

endoparasites

54
Q

host wherein the parasite continues any of its stages and acts as additional sources of human infection

A

reservoir host

55
Q

lives on the surface of an organism

A

ectoparasites

56
Q

parasites that cause direct harm to their host

A

pathogenic parasites

57
Q

parasites that do not directly cause harm to their host

A

commensals

58
Q

definitely need to live off host/s to survive

A

Obligate Parasites

59
Q

give examples of obligate parasites

A

Ascaris, Trichuris

60
Q

may live off of host/s or may exist in free-living form in the environment

A

facultative parasites

61
Q

host wherein the parasite lives off its adult and sexual stages

A

definitive host

62
Q

host wherein the parasite lives off its larval and asexual stages

A

intermediate host

63
Q

any organism responsible for transmitting parasitic infection from one host to another

A

Vectors

64
Q

stage in the life cycle that man usually identifies to confirm the presence of a parasitic infection

A

diagnostic stage

65
Q

non-organism that can transmit infection

A

fomite

66
Q

a kind of vector that carries parasite without changes in its stages

A

mechanical vector

67
Q

Parasites are more commonly infectious in this stage. _______ egg

A

Embryonated

68
Q

Nematodes and most cestodes are infectious during this stage.

A

Larvae

69
Q

which of the following types of larvae is not usually infective? *clue: feeding stage

A

Rhabditiform

**Filariform -> infectious

70
Q

What is the infectious stage of flukes?

A

Larvae

71
Q

What is the type of larvae that is commonly infectious stage for flukes?

A

Metacercaria

72
Q

For shistosomas, this stage of larvae is infectious.

A

Cercaria

73
Q

Protozoans are usually infective during these stages. (2)

A

Cysts & Trophozoites

74
Q

route in which a parasite exits the human body

A

mode of exit

75
Q

2 types of ingestion

A

fecal-oral & non-fecal

76
Q

2 types of skin penetration as mode of entry

A

Direct & vector-borne

77
Q

what is the mode of entry of Plasmodium spp-Malaria?

A

Skin penetration. Specifically, vector-borne

78
Q

the naegleria spp’s mode of entry is ______

A

respiratory-direct penetration

79
Q

what are the 2 types of modes of entry under respiratory?

A

inhalation & direct penetration

80
Q

what are the 5 modes of entry?

hint: BRISA

A

Blood transfusion/organ transplantation/vertical transmission

Respiratory

Ingestion

Skin Penetration

Autoinfection

PARASITOLOGY (2 decks)

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