Lec 1: Classification of Medically important Parasites Flashcards
1 of the 3 major classifications of parasites that is single-celled.
Protozoans
1 of the 3 major classifications of parasites that includes multicellular worms.
Metazoan helminths
This phylum requires a wet environment for feeding, locomotion, osmoregulation and reproduction. They form trophozoites (active, feeding, reproduction) and cysts (inactive) except for Naegleria
Phylum Protozoa
Type of nutrition of Protozoans
Holozoic (require organic materials)
What phylum do subphyla mastigophora and subphyla sarcodina belong to?
Phylum Sarcomastigophora
What type of locomotion does the parasite from subphyla mastigophora use?
Flagella
Parasites from Subphyla Mastigophora undergo this specific type of reproduction.
Asexual (Longitudinal) Reproduction
Subphyla Sarcodina utilize _____ as an organ for locomotion
Pseudopodia
What Subphyla, under Phylum Sarcomastigophora, undergo asexual repoduction and may be found intra and extra intestinally.
Subphyla Sarcodina
What trait/characteristic is common between Subphyla Sarcodina and Subphyla Mastigophora?
Type of Reproduction
What phylum uses cilia as the organ of locomotion?
Phylum Ciliophora
Phylum Ciliophora utilize this specific type of reproduction
Asexual (transverse) Reproduction
This Phylum includes the Class Sporozoa
Phylum Apicomplexa
This class utilize both sexual and asexual reproduction
Class Sporozoa
Parasites from Class Sporozoa can be distinguished from other parasites because of the presence of a _____ at the anerior end.
Apical Complex
This Phylum is spore-forming and possess a unique extrusion apparatus which enables them to insert infective material to the host cell
Phylum Microspora
This Phylum is predominantly coelomate and is compartmentalized by septas.
Phylum Annelida
Phylum Annelida has well-developed ______, ______, ______ body systems
Nervous, Digestive, Excretory
The following class and subclasses are under Phylum Nemathelminthes.
Class Nematoda, Subclass Adenophorea, and Subclass Necernentia
This class is also known as the Round Worms
Class Nematoda
Characteristic of Class Nematoda. “tube within a tube”
pseudocoelomate
The following are characteristics of class nematoda, EXCEPT: a. Unsegmented b. has complete digestive tract c. bilaterally symmetrical d. Triploblastic e. Dorsolaterally flattened
e. Dorsolaterally flattened Class Nematoda aka ROUNDworms
This sensory organ of Nematodes is found at the anterior end and is the principal chemosensory organ.
Amphids
This sensory organ of Nematodes is found at the posterior end and are important for the classification of this class.
Phasmids
The only 3 APHASMID nematodes that are of medical and public health importance
Trichuris, Trichinella, Capillaria
Parasites in this subclass are aphasmid nematodes that may be terrestrial, freshwater, or marine.
Subclass Adenophorea
Parasites in this subclass are phasmid nematodes that are generally terrestrial
Subclass Secernentia
Phylum Platyhelminthes is characterized by:… EXCEPT: a. Hermaphroditic b. Asexual Reproduction c. Dorsolaterally flattened d. symmetric bilaterally
b. Asexual Reproduction
These are 2 classes under Phylum Platyhelminthes
Class Trematoda and Class Cestoda
These are also called Flatworms or Flukes that have incomplete digestive tract and no circulatory system. They have oral suckers and venral suckers.
Class Trematoda
Class trematoda require ___ intermediate host/s
- 1st is always Snails
What is the infective stage of the class trematoda?
Metacercariae (Encysted Larvae) -> at 2nd intermediate host except SCHISTOSOMES
Schistosomes is under what class? What is its infective stage?
Class Trematoda. Cercariae
This class is composed of Tapeworms
Class Cestoda
The following are characteristics of Class Cestoda, except: a. No digestive Tract b. No circulatory system c. Hermaphroditic d. with oral and ventral suckers e. with Scolex (anterior), neck, strobila
d. with oral and ventral suckers sa Class Trematoda yan
2 orders under Class Cestoda that are of medical and public health importance
Order Pseudophyllidea & Order Cyclophyllidea
which order has a uterine pore, spatulate scolex with bothria, operculated eggs, requires 2 intermediate hosts, and release immature eggs?
Order Pseudophyllidea
The following are characteristics of _______ Bilaterally symmeterical Segmented bodies Jointed appendages Exoskeleton Class Insecta and Arachnida
Phylum Arthropoda
These are all classes under Phylum Arthropoda, except: a. Class Crustacea b. Class Arachnida c. Class Aranaea d. Class Diplopoda
c. Class Aranaea Order lang ang Aranaea. Under Class Arachnida
Parasite under Subphylum Mastigophora that is the cause of Chagas Disease & African Sleeping Sickness
Trypanosoma
What class is the parasite that causes Malaria under?
Class Sporozoa
What is the parasite in the picture?
This belongs to what class?
Ascaris
Class Nematoda
Women are mostly affected by this parasite; STI
Trichomonas
This is under the subclass adenophorea.
This can cause rectal prolapse
Trichuris
This is found in pigs, not well-cooked food, burrows in muscles.
This is under what subclass?
Trichinella
Under subclass adenophorea
What is in the picture
Chilomastix
Identify
Giardia
What is the parasite found in between the RBC
Trypasonoma
Identify
Leishmania
stage in the life cycle that enables parasite to infect man
infective stage
an organism that lives on or within another organism
Derives the benefits
May or may not suffer consequences
Parasite
organism in/on which a parasite lives off of
host
lives inside/within an organism
endoparasites
host wherein the parasite continues any of its stages and acts as additional sources of human infection
reservoir host
lives on the surface of an organism
ectoparasites
parasites that cause direct harm to their host
pathogenic parasites
parasites that do not directly cause harm to their host
commensals
definitely need to live off host/s to survive
Obligate Parasites
give examples of obligate parasites
Ascaris, Trichuris
may live off of host/s or may exist in free-living form in the environment
facultative parasites
host wherein the parasite lives off its adult and sexual stages
definitive host
host wherein the parasite lives off its larval and asexual stages
intermediate host
any organism responsible for transmitting parasitic infection from one host to another
Vectors
stage in the life cycle that man usually identifies to confirm the presence of a parasitic infection
diagnostic stage
non-organism that can transmit infection
fomite
a kind of vector that carries parasite without changes in its stages
mechanical vector
Parasites are more commonly infectious in this stage. _______ egg
Embryonated
Nematodes and most cestodes are infectious during this stage.
Larvae
which of the following types of larvae is not usually infective? *clue: feeding stage
Rhabditiform
**Filariform -> infectious
What is the infectious stage of flukes?
Larvae
What is the type of larvae that is commonly infectious stage for flukes?
Metacercaria
For shistosomas, this stage of larvae is infectious.
Cercaria
Protozoans are usually infective during these stages. (2)
Cysts & Trophozoites
route in which a parasite exits the human body
mode of exit
2 types of ingestion
fecal-oral & non-fecal
2 types of skin penetration as mode of entry
Direct & vector-borne
what is the mode of entry of Plasmodium spp-Malaria?
Skin penetration. Specifically, vector-borne
the naegleria spp’s mode of entry is ______
respiratory-direct penetration
what are the 2 types of modes of entry under respiratory?
inhalation & direct penetration
what are the 5 modes of entry?
hint: BRISA
Blood transfusion/organ transplantation/vertical transmission
Respiratory
Ingestion
Skin Penetration
Autoinfection
